Epidemiological Significance of the Domestic Black Pig (Sus scrofa) in Maintenance of Bovine Tuberculosis in Sicily
Epidemiological Significance of the Domestic Black Pig (Sus scrofa) in Maintenance of Bovine Tuberculosis in Sicily
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DOI：
10.1128/jcm.06544-11
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Marianelli, Cinzia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Di Marco, Vincenzo;Mazzone, Piera;Marianelli, Cinzia
牛结核病（bTB）是世界上许多地区野生动物中的一种新兴疾病。因此，野生动物宿主可能是牲畜和人类的潜在感染源。我们调查了西西里黑猪（一种本地自由或半自由放养的家猪品种）在牛中bTB流行率高的地区作为bTB感染的潜在来源所发挥的作用。我们最初进行了初步的实地研究，以评估这些动物中bTB的发生率。我们在屠宰场抽样119头猪，发现其中6.7%和3.4%分别受到肉眼结核样病变（TBL）和牛分枝杆菌培养阳性。然后，我们在对从受感染牛群中取样的100头动物进行的第二项田间研究中继续调查病变的传播和特征。在此，对屠宰场采集的组织进行了肉眼、显微镜和培养试验检查。大多数TBL猪在大体和组织学检查中均表现出全身性病变（分别为53%和65.5%）。在肉眼和显微镜下观察的局限性和全身性TB病例中，头部淋巴结最常受累。M.牛是最常分离的病原体。通过spoligotyping和12个分枝杆菌散在重复单位可变数目串联重复序列（MIRU-VNTR）位点的分析，随后与牛源分离株进行比较，对来自两个田间研究的分离株进行分子表征，表明分枝杆菌可能从家畜传播到黑猪，反之亦然。我们的研究结果，沿着行为学，生态学和管理方面的考虑，表明黑猪可能作为一个bTB水库在生态系统中的研究。然而，还需要进一步的研究来确定西西里黑猪的真正流行病学意义。
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an emerging disease among wild animals in many parts of the world. Wildlife reservoir hosts may thus represent a potential source of infection for livestock and humans. We investigated the role played by the Sicilian black pig, an autochthonous free-or semi-free-ranging domestic pig breed, as a potential source of bTB infection in an area where bTB prevalence in cattle is high. We initially performed a preliminary field study to assess the occurrence of bTB in such animals. We sampled 119 pigs at abattoir and found 6.7% and 3.4% of them to be affected by gross tuberculous-like lesions (TBL) and Myco-bacterium bovis culture positive, respectively. We then proceeded to investigate the dissemination and characteristics of lesions in a second field study performed on 100 animals sampled from infected herds. Here, tissues collected at the abattoir were examined macroscopically, microscopically, and by culture tests. Most pigs with TBL showed generalized lesions in both gross and histological examinations (53% and 65.5%, respectively). Head lymph nodes were the most frequently affected in both localized and generalized TB cases observed macroscopically and microscopically. M. bovis was the most frequently isolated etiologic agent. The molecular characterization of isolates from both field studies by spoligotyping and analysis of 12 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) loci, followed by their comparison to isolates of cattle origin, suggested a potential transmission of mycobacteria from domestic animals to black pigs and vice versa. Our findings, along with ethological, ecological, and management considerations, suggest that the black pig might act as a bTB reservoir in the ecosystem under study. However, additional studies will be necessary to establish the true epidemiological significance of the Sicilian black pig.