Focus on what's not at issue: Gestures, presuppositions, appositives under contrastive focus
Focus on what's not at issue: Gestures, presuppositions, appositives under contrastive focus
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关注非问题所在：对比焦点下的手势、预设、同位语
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
M. Esipova
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Esipova
本文试图系统地研究对比焦点如何与不同类型的非讨论内容(共言语和言语后手势、词汇预设和同位)相互作用。我尤其关注的是，焦点何时会迫使对通常不存在争议的内容进行有争议的解释，何时不会，以及这种有争议的解释甚至不可能满足与焦点相关的要求。我的结论是，影响一种特定类型的内容如何沿着这些维度排列的主要因素是它的韵律(独立)依赖性和句法中的依恋程度。这两个因素也以一种不平凡的方式相互作用，特别是对于手势，我将其用作分析手势的基础，该分析并不假设它们的时间对齐直接决定它们的语义(Contra Ebert and Ebert，2014；Ebert，2017；Schlenker，2018)，而是依赖于句法/语义和句法/韵律交互。
This paper is an attempt to systematically investigate how contrastive focus interacts with various types of not-at-issue content (co-speech and post-speech gestures, lexical presuppositions, and appositives). I look, in particular, at when focus forces at-issue interpretations of typically not-at-issue content, when it does not, and when such at-issue interpretations are impossible even to satisfy focus-related requirements. I conclude that the main factors affecting how a given type of content aligns along these dimensions are its prosodic (in)dependence and level of attachment in the syntax. The two factors also interact in a non-trivial way, in particular for gestures, which I use as a basis for an analysis of gestures that does not assume that their temporal alignment directly determines their semantics (contra Ebert and Ebert, 2014; Ebert, 2017; Schlenker, 2018), but instead relies on syntax/semantics and syntax/prosody interaction.