Effects of soil fertility and land-use on forest succession in Amazonia
Effects of soil fertility and land-use on forest succession in Amazonia
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-1127(99)00337-0
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发表时间：
2000-12-20
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Falesi, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moran, EF;Brondizio, ES;Falesi, I
本文研究了亚马逊盆地五个地区的土壤肥力和土地利用历史对森林演替再生率的作用。地点位于巴西帕拉州的布拉甘蒂纳地区、托梅阿库地区、阿尔塔米拉地区和马拉霍地区以及哥伦比亚沃佩斯地区。使用的方法包括演替和成熟森林的植被清查、土壤采样、土地利用历史的人种学评估以及基于多时相 Landsat 专题制图器数字卫星数据的土地覆盖分类。本文研究了森林再生率的区域间差异、区域内差异和流域范围内的差异。区域间差异最好用地区之间土壤肥力的差异来解释，而区域内差异最好用土地利用历史对森林恢复的不同影响来解释。流域范围内演替率的差异最好通过树高的差异来体现，其次通过断面积的差异来体现。在区域间比较中，我们发现，有机土、氧化土和斜土的再生速度相似，但与氧化土相比，速度要慢得多。在再生的前 5-10 年，alfisol。地区的平均林分高度高出 1 m，并且这种差异在再生 15 年后翻倍。在区域内比较中，以某一区域为例，我们发现土地利用差异最能解释差异。轮耕农业面积以每年 1.5 m 的速度恢复增长；相比之下，经历过机械化整地的地区每年为 0.45 m，曾经为牧场的地区每年为 0.62 m。在全流域比较中，我们能够使用结构标准区分土壤和土地利用类型的次生演替的三个不同阶段，其中高度作为整体结构发展最具预测性的标准。通过将我们五个站点的数据与其他调查人员的数据进行比较，本文提出了次生演替的三个结构阶段中每个阶段的全流域再生模式，这有助于将野外植被数据与土地覆盖遥感数据联系起来。 (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
This paper examines the role of soil fertility and land-use history on the rates of forest successional regrowth in five regions of the Amazon Basin. Sites are located in the Bragantina Region, Tome Acu Region, Altamira Region and Marajo Region of the State of Para, Brazil and in a region of the Colombian Vaupes. Methods used included vegetation inventories of successional and mature forests, soil sampling, ethnographic assessment of land-use histories, and land cover classification based on multi-temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper digital satellite data. The paper examines inter-regional differences, intraregional differences, and Basin-wide differences in rates of forest regrowth. Inter-regional differences are best explained by the differences between areas in soil fertility, whereas intra-regional differences are best explained by the differential impact of land-use history on forest recovery. Basin-wide differences in rates of succession can best be captured by differences in tree height, and secondarily by differences in basal area. In inter-regional comparisons we found that ultisols, oxisols, and spodosols present similar rates of regrowth, but considerably slower rates when compared to alfisols. During the first 5-10 years of regrowth, alfisol. areas have average stand height 1 m higher, and this difference doubles after 15 years of regrowth. In intra-regional comparisons, using one region as an example, we found that land-use differences are most able to explain differences. Areas that had been in swidden agriculture grew back at a rate of 1.5 m per year; as compared with 0.45 m per year for areas that had experienced mechanized land preparation, and 0.62 m per year for areas that had been in pasture. In Basin-wide comparisons we have been able to discriminate three distinct stages of secondary succession using structural criteria, across both soil and land-use types with height as the most predictive criteria of overall structural development. By comparing our five sites' data with that of other investigators, the paper proposes Basin-wide patterns of regrowth for each of three structural stages of secondary succession that facilitate linking the field vegetation data to remotely-sensed data of land cover. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.