A Companion to Roman Italy
A Companion to Roman Italy
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罗马意大利的伴侣
DOI：
10.1002/9781118993125.ch1
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Isayev E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Isayev E
在罗马统治半岛之前，意大利拥有多种文化、语言、社区形式和强大的中心。它们连接到横跨地中海并向北延伸的网络的不同部分。本章探讨了这种多样性所带来的影响，并追溯了导致多极意大利最终消亡的转变。在这样做的过程中，它质疑了半岛早期历史的区域凝聚力模式，一旦遗址被视为单独的，并且作为更广泛的网络的一部分，而不是领土视角所允许的，这种模式就会崩溃。物质文化对于理解发展为城邦的群体和其他更喜欢分散的定居模式的群体之间的独特和共同之处至关重要。它还使代表性不足的社会部门（如妇女）的作用可见。一个关键的基本主题是这些变化在多大程度上是由内部和外部力量引发的。本章将考虑是什么推动了增长和集权；由超社区结构和诸如雇佣军、客友系统和大型农村避难所等机构所扮演的角色。通过这样的探索，本书着眼于相互竞争的模式是如何屈服于凝聚力的力量的，而罗马既是凝聚力的产物，也是凝聚力的贡献者。
Italy, before Rome took leadership of the peninsula, hosted multiple cultures, languages, community forms, and powerful hubs. These linked into different sectors of the network that stretched across the Mediterranean and to the north. This chapter explores what this diversity entailed and traces the transformations that led to the eventual demise of a multi‐polar Italy. In so doing it questions the model of regional cohesion for the early history of the peninsula, which breaks down once sites are considered individually and as part of wider networks than the territorial perspective allows. Material culture is essential to gain an understanding of what was distinctive and shared between groups that developed city‐states and others that preferred a more diffuse settlement pattern. It also makes visible the agency of sectors of society that are under‐represented, such as women. A key underlying theme is the extent to which the changes were triggered by internal and external forces. This chapter will consider what fueled growth and centralization; the role played by supra‐community structures and by institutions such as mercenaries, the system of guest friendship, and large rural sanctuary sites. Through such an exploration it looks at how competing models succumbed to the forces of cohesion, of which Rome was as much a product as a contributor.