Impact of National Aquarium in Baltimore on Visitors' Conservation Attitudes, Behavior, and Knowledge
Impact of National Aquarium in Baltimore on Visitors' Conservation Attitudes, Behavior, and Knowledge
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巴尔的摩国家水族馆对游客保护态度、行为和知识的影响
DOI：
10.1111/j.2151-6952.2000.tb01158.x
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sylvia James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. M. Adelman;J. Falk;Sylvia James
这项在巴尔的摩国家水族馆 (NAIB) 进行的研究旨在评估游客体验的四个关键方面：(1) NAIB 游客的保护知识、态度和行为； (2) 整个 NAIB 内展览组件的使用和互动模式； （三）游客现有的保护知识、态度和行为； (4) 随着时间的推移，NAIB 的经历如何改变或影响个人的保护知识、态度和行为。
306 名访客参与了这项从 1999 年 3 月到 7 月进行的研究。该研究采用了四种数据收集技术：(1) 面对面访谈，(2) 个人意义图 (PMM)，(3) 跟踪，以及 (4) 后续电话访谈。参与者是自我选择的人群，通常比普通公众更了解、更关心和更多地参与保护相关问题。然而，他们距离自然资源保护主义者还很远。这项研究的参观者清楚地吸收了 NAIB 的基本保护信息。事实上，NAIB 的访问似乎集中了参观者与保护相关的想法，同时也拓宽了他们对保护的理解。
参观 NAIB 后，游客的保护知识、理解和兴趣的变化总体上持续了六到八周。 NAIB 的体验还以多种方式与参观者访问后的生活联系起来。然而，这些个人经历很少导致新的保护行动。事实上，他们对保护的热情和情感承诺（在 NAIB 访问期间受到启发）普遍回落到原来的水平，大概是因为缺乏强化经验。这项研究的结果指导着 NAIB 的后续调查。更一般地说，研究结果提出了一些策略，以加强目前对自由选择学习机构对其访问公众的影响的理解。
This study at the National Aquarium in Baltimore (NAIB) was conducted to assess four key aspects of the visitor experience: (1) incoming conservation knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of NAIB visitors; (2) patterns of use and interaction with exhibition components throughout the NAIB; (3) exiting conservation knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of visitors; and (4) over time, how the NAIB experience altered or affected individuals' conservation knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.
Three hundred six visitors participated in the study, which was conducted from March through July, 1999. The study utilized four data-collection techniques: (1) face-to-face interviews, (2) Personal Meaning Mapping (PMM), (3) tracking, and (4) follow-up telephone interviews. Participants were a self-selected population and were generally more knowledgeable about, more concerned about, and more involved in conservation-related issues than the general public. However, they were far from conservationists. Visitors in this study clearly absorbed the fundamental conservation message at the NAIB. In fact, the NAIB visit appeared to focus visitors' conservation-related thoughts, while also broadening their understanding of conservation.
Changes in visitors' conservation knowledge, understanding, and interests by and large persisted over six to eight weeks after visiting NAIB. The NAIB experience also connected to visitors' lives in a variety of ways following their visit. However, these personal experiences rarely resulted in new conservation actions. In fact, their enthusiasm and emotional commitment to conservation (inspired during the NAIB visit) generally fell back to original levels, presumably in the absence of reinforcing experiences. The findings of this study are guiding subsequent investigations at the NAIB. More generally, the results suggest strategies to enhance current understanding of the impact free-choice learning institutions have on their visiting public.