Noninvasive genetic analyses for estimating population size and genetic diversity of the remaining Far Eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) population
Noninvasive genetic analyses for estimating population size and genetic diversity of the remaining Far Eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) population
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DOI：
10.1007/s10592-013-0558-8
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Taro Sugimoto;V. V. Aramilev-V.;L. Kerley;J. Nagata;D. Miquelle;D. McCullough
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Taro Sugimoto;V. V. Aramilev-V.;L. Kerley;J. Nagata;D. Miquelle;D. McCullough
了解和监测濒危物种的种群状况对于制定适当的管理干预措施至关重要。我们使用非侵入性遗传分析来获取世界上仅存的远东豹种群的生态和遗传数据。从2000年至2001年到2007年至2008年的七个冬天，我们从大部分豹子栖息地收集了粪便、毛发和唾液。在研究期间收集的 239 个豹子样本中，155 个豹子样本的 13 个微卫星位点成功进行了基因分型，并鉴定了 37 个个体（18 名雄性和 19 名雌性）。基于 Capwire 模型的人口规模估计在 2002-03 年为 28 只 (95% CI 19-38)，在 2007-2008 年为 26 只 (95% CI 13-33)。豹种群的遗传多样性水平较低（预期和观察到的杂合度= 0.43；每个位点的等位基因平均数= 2.62），并且通过两种基于遗传的方法估计有效种群规模较低（Ne = 7-16）。我们在研究期间观察到遗传多样性几乎没有改善，并且确实发现与 20 世纪 90 年代中期的个体相比等位基因丢失的迹象，这表明剩余的种群将继续遭受遗传多样性的丧失。鉴于种群规模较小且遗传多样性较低，并且几乎不可能通过自然移民来补充遗传变异，成功扩大可用栖息地和以圈养个体为基础的第二种群的发展可能对于该豹子亚种在野外的持久存在至关重要。
Understanding and monitoring the population status of endangered species is vital for developing appropriate management interventions. We used noninvasive genetic analyses to obtain ecological and genetic data on the last remaining Far Eastern leopard population in the world. During seven winters from 2000–2001 to 2007–2008, we collected feces, hair, and saliva from most of the leopard habitat. Of the 239 leopard samples collected during the study period, 155 were successfully genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci and 37 individuals (18 males and 19 females) were identified. Population size estimates based on the Capwire model were 28 (95 % CI 19–38) in 2002–03 and 26 (95 % CI 13–33) in 2007–2008. The leopard population had a low level of genetic diversity (expected and observed heterozygosity = 0.43; average number of alleles per locus = 2.62), and effective population size was estimated to be low (Ne= 7–16) by two genetic-based methods. We observed little improvement in the genetic diversity during the study period and did find an indication of allele loss compared with individuals from the mid-1990s, suggesting that the remaining population will continue to suffer loss of genetic diversity. Given the small population size and the low genetic diversity, with little expectation of replenishment of the genetic variation by natural immigration, successful expansion of available habitat and development of a second population based on captive individuals may be crucial for persistence of this leopard subspecies in the wild.