The spatial signature of suburban town centres
The spatial signature of suburban town centres
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发表时间：
2010-07
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通讯作者：
Laura Vaughan;C. Jones;S. Griffiths;M. Haklay
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作者：
Laura Vaughan;C. Jones;S. Griffiths;M. Haklay
“生活中心”的概念是希利尔的中心性理论的核心，该理论认为行人运动的模式受到城市网格的影响，导致包含零售和其他运动驱动活动的连接中心网络的出现。从不同的角度来看，商业和地理学家传统上也优先考虑零售业，将其作为衡量城市活力的关键指标，并决定中心在城市等级中的地位。我们对大伦敦郊区城镇中心的研究挑战了流行的以零售为中心的观点，提出当地活力的来源来自于主要零售中心之外的各种社会经济和文化活动;我们将这一扩展区域称为“活跃中心”。我们的证据表明，活跃的郊区城镇中心是由当地工业和提供广泛的专业和社区服务，除了办公室和零售业就业。这些中心因规模重叠的活动而活跃起来，这些活动是不同长度旅行的结果，在网络无障碍最有效的地方，这些活动最有可能重复。在这篇文章中，我们提出了一个研究26个外伦敦郊区城镇中心使用的算法开发的GIS，允许映射的土地利用数据进行分析的空间句法措施的网络可达性。我们结合联合收割机这种数据驱动的分析与三个郊区城镇中心的民族志研究的结果，在该研究中，移动和通过中心的模式进行了分析，以提供一个更详细的描述的类型，范围和规模的旅程，定义一个活跃的中心的有效面积。我们的结论是，郊区城镇中心的空间特征与它们如何被塑造成利用不同规模的运动和随着时间的推移而相遇有关。
The concept of the 'live centre' is central to Hillier's theory of Centrality as a Process, which states that patterns of pedestrian movement are influenced by the urban grid, leading to the emergence of networks of linked centres containing retail and other movement-driven activities. Planners and geographers, coming from a different perspective, have also traditionally prioritised retail as the key measure of urban vitality and determinant of a centre's position in the urban hierarchy. Our research into the suburban town centres of Greater London challenges the prevailing retail-centric view by proposing that the sources of vitality in local places stem from the diverse socio-economic and cultural activities that take place beyond the main retail hub; we refer to this extended area as the 'active centre'. Our evidence indicates that active suburban town centres are sustained by local industry and the provision of a wide range of professional and community services in addition to office and retail employment. Such centres are enlivened by activities occurring at overlapping scales, the outcome of journeys of different lengths, which are most likely to be repeated where network accessibility is most effective. In this article we present a study of twenty-six outer London suburban town centres using an algorithm developed in a GIS that allows mapped land use data to be analysed in relation to space syntax measures of network accessibility. We combine this data-driven analysis with the results of an ethnographic study of three suburban town centres in which patterns of movement to and through the centres were analysed to provide a more detailed description of the type, range and scale of journeys that define the effective area of an active centre. We conclude that the spatial signature of suburban town centres is bound up in how they have been shaped to take advantage of differing scales of movement and encounter over time