Dietary tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine depletion induce reduced food intake and behavioral alterations in mice.
Dietary tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine depletion induce reduced food intake and behavioral alterations in mice.
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膳食色氨酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸的消耗会导致小鼠食物摄入量减少和行为改变。
DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113653
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Sudo N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang X;Yoshihara K;Miyata N;Hata T;Altaisaikhan A;Takakura S;Asano Y;Izuno S;Sudo N.
单胺类神经递质的重要前体，膳食色氨酸(Trp)、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸(统称TTP)，在广泛的行为和情感功能中发挥着关键作用。在目前的研究中，我们调查了不含TTP的饮食或仅缺乏Trp的饮食是否会影响体重、行为特征和肠道微生物区系，方法是将以这些氨基酸匮乏的饮食喂养的小鼠与以正常氨基酸水平的饮食喂养的小鼠进行比较。饮食中缺乏TTP和Trp的动物都显示出食物摄入量和体重的减少。在行为分析中，喂食缺乏TTP的食物的小鼠比喂食含有正常水平氨基酸的食物的小鼠更活跃。缺乏色氨酸的组表现出血清色氨酸水平的下降，伴随着大脑某些区域的5-羟色胺和5-羟基吲哚乙酸水平的下降。TTP缺乏组表现出血清中TTP水平的下降，伴随着海马苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸水平的下降，以及大脑某些区域的5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺浓度的下降。关于剥夺Trp或TTP对肠道微生物生态的影响，剥夺TTP组的玫瑰草属的相对丰度显著低于限制饮食对照组。有趣的是，即使在饲喂缺乏TTP和Trp的饲料的小鼠的粪便中也发现了TTP，这表明TTP是通过微生物或酶消化宿主来源的蛋白质而产生的。然而，微生物产生的TTP并不能弥补由于缺乏膳食TTP摄入而导致的全身性TTP缺乏。总而言之，这些结果表明，长期饮食中TTP的缺乏会导致单胺类物质及其代谢物以一种特定脑区的方式减少。单胺能系统活动的改变可能有助于运动活动的增加。
Important precursors of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, dietary tryptophan (TRP), tyrosine, and phenylalanine (all referred to as TTP), play crucial roles in a wide range of behavioral and emotional functions. In the current study, we investigated whether diets devoid of TTP or diets deficient in TRP alone can affect body weight, behavioral characteristics, and gut microbiota, by comparing mice fed on these amino acids-depleted diets to mice fed on diets containing regular levels of amino acids. Both dietary TTP- and TRP-deprived animals showed a reduction in food intake and body weight. In behavioral analyses, the mice fed TTP-deprived diets were more active than mice fed diets containing regular levels of amino acids. The TRP-deprived group exhibited a reduction in serum TRP levels, concomitant with a decrease in serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in some regions of the brain. The TTP-deprived group showed a reduction in TTP levels in the serum, concomitant with decreases in both phenylalanine and tyrosine levels in the hippocampus, as well as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine concentrations in some regions of the brain. Regarding the effects of TRP or TTP deprivation on gut microbial ecology, the relative abundance of genusRoseburiawas significantly reduced in the TTP-deprived group than in the dietary restriction control group. Interestingly, TTP was found even in the feces of mice fed TTP- and TRP-deficient diets, suggesting that TTP is produced by microbial or enzymatic digestion of the host-derived proteins. However, microbe generated TTP did not compensate for the systemic TTP deficiency induced by the lack of dietary TTP intake. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic dietary TTP deprivation induces decreased monoamines and their metabolites in a brain region-specific manner. The altered activities of the monoaminergic systems may contribute to increased locomotor activity.