The Role of Microfinance in Contemporary Rural Development Finance Policy and Practice: Imposing Neoliberalism as ‘Best Practice’
The Role of Microfinance in Contemporary Rural Development Finance Policy and Practice: Imposing Neoliberalism as ‘Best Practice’
复制标题
小额信贷在当代农村发展金融政策和实践中的作用：将新自由主义作为“最佳实践”
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Bateman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Bateman
小额信贷出现于20世纪70年代，作为一种机制，几乎所有的穷人都可以通过自助和个人创业来摆脱贫困。至关重要的是，新自由主义政策制定者发现小额信贷概念在意识形态上具有吸引力，国际发展团体很快开始为建立和扩大小额信贷运动提供大量支持。然而，今天，即使是长期的小额信贷倡导者现在也不情愿地承认，小额信贷实际上对贫困或“自下而上”的农村发展没有积极影响。事实上，那些受小额信贷影响最大的农村社区在许多方面都受到了严重损害，尤其是在次贷式的“从繁荣到萧条”时期。尽管如此，小额信贷运动仍然在主要的以新自由主义为导向的国际发展机构、支持全球化的智库和许多西方政府中获得了一些支持，这主要是因为它在意识形态上的实用性。
Microcredit emerged in the 1970s as a mechanism whereby virtually all poor individuals could supposedly escape their poverty through self-help and individual entrepreneurship. Crucially, neoliberal policy-makers found the microcredit concept ideologically compelling, and the international development community soon began to provide massive support to establish and expand the microfinance movement. Today, however, even long-standing microfinance advocates now reluctantly accept that microcredit has actually had no positive impact upon poverty or ‘bottom-up’ rural development. In fact, those rural communities most exposed to microcredit have been severely damaged in a number of ways, especially through sub-prime-style ‘boom-to-bust’ episodes. Largely because of its supreme ideological usefulness, the microfinance movement nonetheless still retains some support in the major neoliberal-oriented international development institutions, pro-globalization think-tanks, and in a number of Western governments.