EU-Asia Free Trade Agreements as tools for social norm/legislation transfer
EU-Asia Free Trade Agreements as tools for social norm/legislation transfer
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欧盟-亚洲自由贸易协定作为社会规范/立法转移的工具
DOI：
10.1007/s10308-015-0423-0
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Garcia M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garcia M
《里斯本条约》第21条授权欧洲联盟（欧盟）促进其价值观（民主、法治、社会权利、性别平等等）。在其对外关系中。欧盟与亚洲多方面关系的核心问题是与新兴市场的经济关系。欧盟与该区域的关系侧重于通过与一些亚洲伙伴谈判自由贸易协定，促进贸易和投资。欧盟自由贸易协定附有一项政治合作协定，该协定通过“标准条款”将欧盟的核心价值观与贸易联系起来，在某些情况下，侵犯人权可以触发贸易优惠的中止。采用定性案例研究方法，并借鉴政策文件和访谈，本文解决的问题，是否，以及如何，欧盟可以平衡其内部的法律的义务，其经济利益和合作伙伴的要求。本文对欧盟在国际价值促进方面的义务提供了一个法律的背景。然后，它审查了欧盟的贸易政策战略，并揭示了一个协调一致的方法，包括价值观的缺乏。欧盟试图将其贸易政策与更广泛的价值观（包括与亚洲伙伴的社会权利）联系起来，这篇文章探讨了抵制欧盟的根源。分析表明，亚洲的阻力集中在欧盟的法律方法，而不是价值观，并建议，更有效的规范输出可能会通过其他手段实现。文章的结论是，欧盟未能在自由贸易协定中推进社会问题，最终使人们对欧盟在社会权利领域的国际“行动者”地位产生了严重怀疑。
Article 21 of the Treaty of Lisbon mandates the European Union (EU) to foster its values (democracy, the rule of law, social rights, gender equality, etc.) in its external relations. The core concern of the EU’s multi-faceted relations with Asia is economic relations with rising markets. EU relations with the region have focused on the facilitation of trade and investment through the negotiation of free trade agreements (FTAs) with a number of Asian partners. EU FTAs are accompanied by a Political Cooperation Agreement (PCA), which links core EU values to trade through the ‘standard clause’, whereby under certain circumstances, human rights’ abuses can trigger a suspension of trade preferences. Using a qualitative case study methodology, and drawing on policy documents and interviews, this paper addresses the question of whether, and how, the EU can balance its internal legal obligations with its economic interests and its partners’ demands. The article provides a legal background of the EU’s obligations in terms of international value promotion. It then reviews EU trade policy strategies and reveals an absence of a concerted approach to the inclusion of values. The article investigates the sources of resistance to EU attempts at linking its trade policy with broader values including social rights with Asian partners. The analysis reveals that Asian resistance is centred on the legalistic approach of the EU rather than the values and suggests that a more effective norm export might be achieved through other means. The article concludes that the EU’s failure to push forward social issues in FTAs ultimately casts serious doubts about the EU’s international ‘actorness’ in the area of social rights.
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