Famine, disease, and mortality patterns in the parish of Borshevka, Russia, 1830-1912.
Famine, disease, and mortality patterns in the parish of Borshevka, Russia, 1830-1912.
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俄罗斯博尔舍夫卡教区的饥荒、疾病和死亡模式，1830 年至 1912 年。
DOI：
10.1080/0032472031000150526
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Steven L. Hoch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steven L. Hoch
学者们对19世纪的俄罗斯农村描绘了一幅令人沮丧的画面，认为这个社会一再被农作物歉收、饥荒、饥饿和与饥荒有关的疾病的流行所打断。但是，还没有采用适当的方法，对俄罗斯人口危机的性质及其对总死亡率和人口增长的影响进行严格的评估。在所研究的教区，死亡率的特点是婴儿肠道疾病和儿童传染病的发病率极高。这种不利的疾病环境以及由此造成的婴儿和幼儿高死亡率与生育率、家庭规模、住房条件和断奶做法的关系比与人口的年度或季节性粮食供应和营养状况的关系更密切。在一个疾病驱动的社会中，感染的易感性和感染力在很大程度上取决于人口因素、家庭规范和气候限制。
Scholars have projected a dismal image of nineteenth-century, rural Russia as a society repeatedly punctuated by crop failures, famine, starvation, and epidemics of famine-related diseases. But there has been no rigorous attempt, using appropriate methods, to assess the nature of demographic crises in Russia and their contribution to overall mortality and population growth. The pattern of mortality evident in the parish under examination is distinguished by an extremely high incidence of infant, diarrhoeal diseases and childhood, infectious diseases. This unfavourable disease environment and resulting high rates of infant and early childhood mortality were more closely related to fertility levels, household size, housing conditions, and weaning practices than to annual or seasonal food availablity and the nutritional status of the population. In a disease-driven society, the susceptibility to infection and the force of infection can, to a considerable extent, be determined by demographic factors, familial norms, and climatic constraints.