PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF 10-KM PERFORMANCE IN HIGHLY TRAINED FEMALE RUNNERS OF DIFFERENT AGES
PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF 10-KM PERFORMANCE IN HIGHLY TRAINED FEMALE RUNNERS OF DIFFERENT AGES
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DOI：
10.1152/jappl.1995.78.5.1931
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发表时间：
1995-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
SEALS, DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
EVANS, SL;DAVY, KP;SEALS, DR
耐力运动表现随着年龄的增长而下降；然而，关于具体机制、尤其是妇女机制的信息却很少。我们测试了这样一个假设：女性的这种表现下降与最大 O-2 消耗量 (VO2max)、血乳酸阈值 (LT) 和跑步经济性 (RE) 的下降有关。我们确定了 31 名年龄在 23-56 岁、训练有素且具有类似相对（即年龄调整后）竞技表现的女性跑步者的 10 公里比赛配速、最大摄氧量、LT 和 RE。 10 公里比赛的绝对配速随着年龄的增长而下降 (r = -0.83)。 10 公里表现和年龄均与 最大摄氧量 (P < 0.05) 以及 LT 时的跑步速度和 O-2 消耗相关，但与 RE 无关。然后，跑步者被分为三个年龄组：第一组（23-35岁）、第二组（37-47岁）和第三组（49-56岁）。对第一组和第二组以及第二组和第三组的受试者进行的逐步回归分析表明，23-47 岁跑步者表现的大部分（60%）变异性是由发生 LT 时的跑步速度解释的，而最大摄氧量解释了 37-56 岁跑步者表现的大部分（74%）变异性。我们得出的结论是，对于训练有素的女性跑步者来说，最大摄氧量和 LT 跑步速度的下降是与 10 公里表现随年龄下降最密切相关的两种生理现象。然而，随着年龄的增长，这两种机制对表现下降的贡献并不一致。
Endurance exercise performance declines with age; however, there is little information on the mechanisms responsible, especially in women. We tested the hypothesis that this performance decline in women is associated with decreases in maximal O-2 consumption (VO2max), blood lactate threshold (LT), and running economy (RE). We determined a 10-km race pace, VO2max, LT, and RE in 31 highly trained female runners aged 23-56 yr with similar relative (i.e., age-adjusted) competitive performances. Absolute 10-km race pace declined with age (r = -0.83). Both 10-km performance and age were correlated with VO2max maw (P < 0.05) and with the running velocity and O-2 consumption at LT but not with RE. The runners then were divided into three age groups: group I (23-35 yr), group II (37-47 yr), and group III (49-56 yr). Stepwise regression analyses performed on subjects pooled from groups I and II and from groups II and III indicated that the majority (60%) of the variability in performance for runners aged 23-47 yr was explained by the running velocity at which LT occurred, whereas VO2max explained the majority (74%) of the variability for the runners aged 37-56 yr. We conclude that decreases in VO2max and running velocity at LT are the two physiological phenomena most closely associated with declines in 10-km performance with age in highly trained female runners. However, the contributions of these two mechanisms to the declines in performance are not uniform with advancing age.