CCl 4 distribution derived from MIPAS ESA v7 data: intercomparisons, trend, and lifetime estimation
CCl 4 distribution derived from MIPAS ESA v7 data: intercomparisons, trend, and lifetime estimation
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来自 MIPAS ESA v7 数据的 CCl 4 分布：相互比较、趋势和寿命估计
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Zoppetti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Valeri;F. Barbara;C. Boone;S. Ceccherini;M. Gai;G. Maucher;P. Raspollini;M. Ridolfi;L. Sgheri;G. Wetzel;N. Zoppetti
摘要。由于四氯化碳是一种强烈的臭氧消耗物质，其大气排放受到《蒙特利尔议定书》的管制。由于所谓的CCl4之谜，即大气观测结果与报道的产量和消费量之间的差异，这种分子最近引起了人们越来越多的兴趣。大气表面测量的CCl4浓度下降的速度几乎是其寿命限制速度的三倍，这表明尽管有禁令，大气排放仍在持续。利用2002 - 2012年ENVISAT卫星上搭载的MIPAS（迈克尔逊被动大气探测干涉仪）测量数据，研究了CCl4在对流层上层和平流层下层（包括光解损耗区70-20 hPa）的垂直和纬向分布、趋势及其平流层寿命。具体来说，我们使用由欧洲航天局操作的第7级算法生成的MIPAS数据产品。CCl4纬向平均值显示了主要在平流层被破坏的人类起源的长寿命物种的典型特征，对流层的数量较大，并且随着平流层高度的增加而单调减少。MIPAS的CCl4测量数据与其他卫星和气球远程探测仪的独立测量数据进行了比较，显示不同数据集之间的一致性很好。CCl4趋势是作为纬度和海拔的函数计算的。的负面趋势约10−−15 pptv 10−1(10到30 % 十年−−−1)被发现在平流层上层troposphere-lower地区所有纬度上,除了一个地区在南部情理之中50 - 10 hPa的趋势是积极的价值观在5 - 10 pptv 10−1(15 - 20 % 十年−1)。在MIPAS探测的最低高度，我们发现的趋势与基于长期地面测量（- 10至- 13 pptv decade - 1）确定的趋势一致。在海拔较高的地区，这一趋势显示出南北半球之间明显的不对称，下降速率的幅度随着海拔的增加而增加。我们使用一个简化的模型，假设示踪剂-示踪剂线性相关，以确定CCl4在平流层下层的寿命。考虑到CFC-11作为参考示踪剂，计算得出全球平均寿命为47（39-61）年。这一数值与最近44（36-58）年的文献结果一致。
Abstract. Atmospheric emissions of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) are regulated by the Montreal Protocol due to its role as a strong ozone-depleting substance. The molecule has been the subject of recent increased interest as a consequence of the so-called mystery of CCl4 , the discrepancy between atmospheric observations and reported production and consumption. Surface measurements of CCl4 atmospheric concentrations have declined at a rate almost 3 times lower than its lifetime-limited rate, suggesting persistent atmospheric emissions despite the ban. In this paper, we study CCl4 vertical and zonal distributions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (including the photolytic loss region, 70–20 hPa), its trend, and its stratospheric lifetime using measurements from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), which operated onboard the ENVISAT satellite from 2002 to 2012. Specifically, we use the MIPAS data product generated with Version 7 of the Level 2 algorithm operated by the European Space Agency. The CCl4 zonal means show features typical of long-lived species of anthropogenic origin that are destroyed primarily in the stratosphere, with larger quantities in the troposphere and a monotonic decrease with increasing altitude in the stratosphere. MIPAS CCl4 measurements have been compared with independent measurements from other satellite and balloon-borne remote sounders, showing a good agreement between the different datasets. CCl4 trends are calculated as a function of both latitude and altitude. Negative trends of about −10 to −15 pptv decade−1 (−10 to −30 % decade−1) are found at all latitudes in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere region, apart from a region in the southern midlatitudes between 50 and 10 hPa where the trend is positive with values around 5–10 pptv decade−1 (15–20 % decade−1). At the lowest altitudes sounded by MIPAS, we find trends consistent with those determined on the basis of long-term ground-based measurements (−10 to −13 pptv decade−1). For higher altitudes, the trend shows a pronounced asymmetry between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and the magnitude of the decline rate increases with altitude. We use a simplified model assuming tracer–tracer linear correlations to determine CCl4 lifetime in the lower stratosphere. The calculation provides a global average lifetime of 47 (39–61) years, considering CFC-11 as the reference tracer. This value is consistent with the most recent literature result of 44 (36–58) years.
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MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl3F) 和 CFC-12 (CCl2F2) 测量：准确度、精密度和长期稳定性
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
E. Eckert;A. Laeng;S. Lossow;S. Kellmann;G. Stiller;T. von Clarmann;N.Glatthor;M. Höpfner;M. Kiefer;H.Oelhaf;J.Orphal;B. Funke;U. Grabowski;F. Haenel;A. Linden;G. Wetzel;W.Woiwode;P. F. Bernath;G. S.Dutton;J.W. Elkins;A. Engel;J.C. Gi
通讯作者：
J.C. Gi
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
G. Stiller;T. Clarmann;F. Haenel;B. Funke;N. Glatthor;U. Grabowski;S. Kellmann;M. Kiefer;A. Linden
通讯作者：
G. Stiller;T. Clarmann;F. Haenel;B. Funke;N. Glatthor;U. Grabowski;S. Kellmann;M. Kiefer;A. Linden
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
F. Haenel;G. Stiller;T. Clarmann;B. Funke;E. Eckert;N. Glatthor;U. Grabowski;S. Kellmann;M. Kiefer;A. Linden;T. Reddmann
通讯作者：
F. Haenel;G. Stiller;T. Clarmann;B. Funke;E. Eckert;N. Glatthor;U. Grabowski;S. Kellmann;M. Kiefer;A. Linden;T. Reddmann
从大气化学实验 (ACE) 获得的全球四氯化碳分布
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Allen N
通讯作者：
Allen N
平流层氟化氢的卫星观测及与 SLIMCAT 计算的比较
DOI：
10.5194/acpd-15-34361-2015
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
Harrison J
通讯作者：
Harrison J