Gender differences and developmental change in externalizing disorders from late adolescence to early adulthood: A longitudinal twin study
Gender differences and developmental change in externalizing disorders from late adolescence to early adulthood: A longitudinal twin study
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DOI：
10.1037/0021-843x.116.3.433
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Mcgue, Matt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hicks, Brian M.;Blonigen, Daniel M.;Mcgue, Matt
作者利用参与明尼苏达双胞胎家庭研究的 1,000 多对男性和女性双胞胎的数据，研究了 17 至 24 岁期间发育变化、性别差异以及遗传和环境对四种外在障碍（成人反社会行为、酒精依赖、尼古丁依赖和药物依赖）症状水平的影响。男性和女性每种外在障碍的症状都有所增加，其中男性的增加速度高于女性，因此 17 岁时性别差距扩大到 24 岁时更大。此外，潜在外化因素的平均性别差异可以解释个体疾病的平均性别差异。生物特征分析显示，男性的遗传变异和遗传力不断增加，但女性的遗传变异有减少和环境影响增加的趋势。结果说明了性别和发育背景对症状表达的重要性，以及结构模型在整合总体趋势和疾病特异性特征方面的实用性。
Using data from over 1,000 male and female twins participating in the Minnesota Twin Family Study, the authors examined developmental change, gender differences, and genetic and environmental contributions to the symptom levels of four externalizing disorders (adult antisocial behavior, alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, and drug dependence) from ages 17 to 24. Both men and women increased in symptoms for each externalizing disorder, with men increasing at a greater rate than women, such that a modest gender gap at age 17 widened to a large one at age 24. Additionally, a mean-level gender difference on a latent Externalizing factor could account for the mean-level gender differences for the individual disorders. Biometric analyses revealed increasing genetic variation and heritability for men but a trend toward decreasing genetic variation and increasing environmental effects for women. Results illustrate the importance of gender and developmental context for symptom expression and the utility of structural models to integrate general trends and disorder-specific characteristics.