British Journal of Anaesthesia
British Journal of Anaesthesia
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编辑回忆过去的时代：c-fos在疼痛中的意义“永恒的想法，图像，感觉的层次已经落在你的大脑.然而，事实上，没有一个被消灭.“托马斯德昆西神经生物学的进展为我们提供了工具，以确定神经系统内功能和结构变化的分子事件。检查神经刺激和损伤的分子反应不仅增加了对急性和慢性疼痛状态的生物学基础的理解，而且还提示了疼痛刺激的分子记忆。一种特殊的分子标记物c-fos，在关键观察到疼痛但非无害的外周刺激迅速引起脊髓内c-fos基因表达后，一直是许多研究的焦点[1]。孙、徐、谢在这期杂志上的文章[2]证明，在疼痛的外周刺激后，明显足够的麻醉不能阻止脊髓内立即早期基因“c-fos“的表达。在这篇社论中，这一观察的临床后果进行了讨论，在连接短期刺激神经系统内的长期结构变化的c-fos的基本作用。立即早期基因如v-fos（病毒-fos）首先被证明能够诱导细胞增殖，随后被称为原癌基因。当同样的基因在细胞中被描述时，它被称为c-fos（cellular-fos）。现在已知有100多个立即早期基因，它们在细胞增殖、分化和程序性细胞死亡中发挥重要作用[3]。所有人共有的基本特性是它们能够在没有事先蛋白质合成的情况下被诱导（即产生它们的信使RNA），通常在刺激后几分钟内。这一观察结果表明，影响基因转录所需的细胞机制处于准备状态，并与“晚期反应基因“形成对比，后者在其转录被改变之前确实需要进一步的从头蛋白质合成。立即早期基因被证明是从细胞表面到细胞核的信号转导级联的一部分，导致结构和功能的长期变化（即可塑性变化），因此被称为“第三信使”[4]（f IG. 1）。使用Fos的研究表明，它的外观可以用来标记那些…
EDITORIAL Remembrance of times past: the significance of c-fos in pain " Everlasting layers of ideas, images, feelings have fallen upon your brain …, Each succession has seemed to bury all that went before. And yet in reality not one has been extinguished… " Thomas de Quincey Advances in neurobiology have provided us with the tools to identify the molecular events that underlie functional and structural change within the nervous system. Examining the molecular responses to nerve stimulation and injury have led not only to an increased understanding of the biological basis of acute and chronic pain states, but also suggest a molecular memory for painful stimulation. One particular molecular marker, c-fos, has been the focus of much research after the key observation that painful, but not innocuous, peripheral stimulation rapidly causes the expression of c-fos gene expressions within the spinal cord [1]. The article by Sun, Shyu and Shieh [2] in this issue of the journal demonstrates that apparently adequate anaesthesia fails to prevent expression of an immediate early gene " c-fos " within the spinal cord after painful peripheral stimulation. In this editorial, clinical consequences of this observation are discussed in relation to the fundamental role of c-fos in linking short-term stimuli to long-term structural change within the nervous system. Immediate early genes such as v-fos (viral-fos) were first shown to be capable of inducing cell proliferation and were subsequently known as proto-oncogenes. When the same gene was then described in cells it was termed c-fos (cellular-fos). More than 100 immediate early genes are now known and have fundamental roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and programmed cell death [3]. The basic property shared by all is that they are capable of being induced (i.e. their messenger RNA is produced) without prior protein synthesis, typically within minutes after stimulation. This observation indicates that the cellular machinery required to effect gene transcription is in a state of readiness and contrasts with the " late response genes " which do require further de novo protein synthesis before their transcription can be altered. Immediate early genes were shown to form part of the signal transduction cascade from the cell surface to the nucleus leading to long-term changes in structure and function (i.e. plastic changes) and hence were given the title of " third messengers " [4] (f ig. 1). Studies using Fos showed that its appearance could be used to mark those …