Modelling spatially distributed soil losses and sediment yield in the upper Grande River Basin - Brazil
Modelling spatially distributed soil losses and sediment yield in the upper Grande River Basin - Brazil
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DOI：
10.1016/j.catena.2017.05.025
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发表时间：
2017-10
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
P. Batista;M. L. Silva;Bárbara Pereira Christofaro Silva;N. Curi;I. T. Bueno;F. W. A. Júnior;J. Davies;J. Quinton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Batista;M. L. Silva;Bárbara Pereira Christofaro Silva;N. Curi;I. T. Bueno;F. W. A. Júnior;J. Davies;J. Quinton
水侵蚀对土壤肥力、土壤结构和植物的水分供应产生负面影响。此外，场外侵蚀效应也造成水道的沉积和富营养化。格兰德河是巴拉那河的主要支流之一，也是巴西重要的水力发电来源。上格朗德河流域面积为15，705平方公里，大部分为牧场。浅和渗透性差的形成土是盆地中的主要土壤类别，与密集和高度集中的夏季降雨相结合，具有易受侵蚀的特点。本研究的目的是模拟土壤流失和产沙量在上格兰德河流域。它还试图量化向该流域两个主要水力发电厂水库（Camargos/Itutinga和Funil）输送的沉积物。利用地理信息系统（GIS）对研究区的土壤侵蚀方程和泥沙输移分布模型进行了应用研究。模型进行了校准，从位于一个子流域的河流测量站获得的泥沙输运数据。RUSLE的预测估计，格兰德河上游流域的平均土壤流失量为22.35吨/公顷/年，在确定的土地利用类别中，裸露土壤、生态系统和农业遭受的侵蚀率最高。该流域的平均比产沙量为1.93 t ha − 1yr − 1。根据模型校准，比产沙量预测的误差为0.01 t ha − 1yr − 1，或0.6%。农业和桉树林约占研究面积的10%，贡献了流域40%以上的泥沙。模型预测估计，Camargos/Itutinga电厂水库的沉积物输入量为145万吨/年，而Funil电厂水库的沉积物输入量为168万吨/年。虽然模型校准产生了小的误差，在所观察到的沉积物测量，相对缺乏可用的数据，削弱了更彻底的验证所采用的模型。然而，结果表明，RUSLE/SEDD的方法可能是有用的，在巴西流域，有限的输入数据的泥沙输运分析。
Water erosion negatively affects soil fertility, soil structure, and water availability to plants. Moreover, off-site erosion effects contribute to the sedimentation and eutrophication of water courses. The Grande River is one of the main tributaries of the Paraná River, and an important source of hydroelectric power in Brazil. The Upper Grande River Basin covers an area of 15,705 km2, mostly occupied by rangelands. Shallow and little permeable Cambisols are the predominant soil class in the basin, which, combined with the intensive and highly concentrated summer rainfall, characterize an erosion-prone scenario. The aim of this study was to model the soil losses and the sediment yield in the Upper Grande River Basin. It also sought to quantify the sediment delivery to the two main hydroelectric power plant reservoirs in the basin: Camargos/Itutinga and Funil. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were used to apply the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Sediment Delivery Distributed model (SEDD) in the study area. The models were calibrated using sediment transport data obtained from a river gauging station located in a subwatershed. RUSLE predictions estimated that the average soil losses in the Upper Grande River Basin were of 22.35 t ha− 1yr− 1, and that bare soils, eucalypt and agriculture suffered the highest erosion rates among the identified land use classes. The average specific sediment yield in the basin was of 1.93 t ha− 1yr− 1. According to the model calibration, the specific sediment yield predictions showed an error of 0.01 t ha− 1yr− 1, or 0.6%. Agriculture and eucalypt forests, which compose approximately 10% of the study area, contribute to more than 40% of the sediment yield in the basin. The model predictions estimated that 1.45 million t yr− 1of sediments are delivered to the Camargos/Itutinga power plant reservoir, whereas the Funil power plant reservoir receives a sediment input of 1.68 million t yr− 1. Although model calibration yielded small errors in relation to the observed sediment measurements, the relative lack of available data has impaired a more thorough validation of the employed models. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the RUSLE/SEDD approach may be useful for analyzing sediment transport in Brazilian watersheds, where limited input data is available.