On zero error algorithms having oracle access to one query
On zero error algorithms having oracle access to one query
复制标题
关于 Oracle 访问一个查询的零错误算法
DOI:
--
复制
发表时间:
2006
影响因子:
1
通讯作者:
Venkatesan T. Chakaravarthy
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jin;Venkatesan T. Chakaravarthy
It is known that $${
m S}_{2}^{p} subseteq {
m ZPP}^{NP}$$ (Cai, 2001). The reverse direction of whether ZPPNP is contained in $${
m S}_{2}^{p}$$ remains open. We show that if the zero-error algorithm is allowed to ask only one query to the NP oracle (for any input and random string), then it can be simulated in $${
m S}_{2}^{p}$$. That is, we prove that $${
m S}_{2}^{p}$$. Next we consider whether the above result can be improved as $${
m ZPP}^{NP[1]} subseteq {
m P}^{NP}$$ and point out a difficulty in doing so. Via a simple proof, we observe that BPP ⊆ ZPPNP[1] (a result implicitly proven in some prior work). Thus, achieving the above improvement would imply BPP ⊆ PNP, settling a long standing open problem.We then argue that the above mentioned improvement can be obtained for the next level of the polynomial time hierarchy. Namely, we prove that $${
m ZPP}^{Sigma_{2}^{p}[1]} subseteq {
m P}^{Sigma_{2}^{p}[2]}$$. On the other hand, by adapting our proof of our main result it can be shown that $${
m ZPP}^{Sigma_{2}^{p}[1]} subseteq {
m S}_{2}^{
m NP[1]}$$. For the purpose of comparing these two results, we prove that $${
m P}^{Sigma_{2}^{p}} subseteq {
m S}_{2}^{
m NP[1]}$$. We conclude by observing that the above claims extend to the higher levels of the hierarchy: for k ≥ 2,$${
m ZPP}^{Sigma_{k}^{p}[1]} subseteq {
m P}^{Sigma_{k}^{p}[2]}$$ and $${
m P}^{Sigma_{k}^{p}} subseteq {
m S}_{2}^{Sigma_{k-1}^{p}[1]}$$.