Life cycle assessment of zircon sand
Life cycle assessment of zircon sand
复制标题
锆英砂的生命周期评估
DOI：
10.1007/s11367-019-01619-5
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Harlow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Gediga;A. Morfino;M. Finkbeiner;M. Schulz;K. Harlow
为了满足锆英砂下游用户和其他行业利益相关者的需求，锆英砂行业协会（ZIA）进行了全行业生命周期评估（LCA），旨在量化锆英砂生产的潜在环境影响，从开采到锆英砂（硅酸锆或ZrSiO 4）的分离。这项新的工作提出了第一个全球代表性的LCA数据集，使用来自行业的原始数据。这项研究符合相关的ISO标准，并支持一个独立的关键review.MethodsData从ZIA成员公司代表10个网站的参考年2015年收集。总的来说，这项研究涵盖了全球77%以上的锆英砂产量。调查中考虑了所有相关的开采路线（即湿法和干法开采）以及世界主要锆砂生产地区（即澳大利亚、南非、肯尼亚、塞内加尔和美国）的所有主要选矿厂和分离厂。由于这是金属和采矿业的常见做法，因此对副产品应用质量分配（Sanquiland and Hendry，Int J Life Cycle Assess 21：1543-1553，Sanquiland Hendry 2016），其中仅在用工艺流程分离高价值金属（如PGM）时才应用经济分配。一个敏感性分析被用来了解生命周期影响评估（LCIA）结果的主要贡献效应的相关性，powerconsumption.Results和discussionIt表明，采矿是所有影响类别的主要贡献者（65和90%之间相比，矿物分离厂）。例如，一次能源需求（PED）和全球变暖潜能值（GWP）分别占1公斤锆英砂生产量的76%和70%。1千克锆英砂的PED计算为4 MJ，而GWP为每千克锆英砂0.32千克CO2当量。在采矿过程中的主要影响因素是电力consumptionsIn符合相关ISO标准，并支持了严格的审查，这LCA量化的潜在环境影响与锆英砂（ZrSiO 4）的生产。通过本研究，为锆英砂下游用户提供了一个良好的数据集。这是ZIA的第一个LCA数据集。
PurposeTo support the needs of downstream users of zircon sand and other industry stakeholders, the Zircon Industry Association (ZIA) conducted an industry-wide life cycle assessment (LCA) with the aim to quantify the potential environmental impacts of zircon sand production, from mining to the separation of zircon sand (zirconium silicate or ZrSiO4). This novel work presents the first, globally representative LCA dataset using primary data from industry. The study conforms to relevant ISO standards and is backed up by an independent critical review.MethodsData from ZIA member companies representing 10 sites for the reference year 2015 were collected. In total, more than 77% of global zircon sand production was covered in this study. All relevant mining routes (i.e. wet and dry mining) were considered in the investigation, as well as all major concentration and separation plants in major zircon sand–producing regions of the world (i.e. Australia, South Africa, Kenya, Senegal and the USA). As it is common practise in the metal and mining industry, mass allocations were applied with regard to by-products (Santero and Hendry, Int J Life Cycle Assess 21:1543–1553, Santero and Hendry 2016) where economic allocation is only applied if high-valued metals like PGMs are separated with a process flow. A sensitivity analysis was used to understand the relevance of the major contributing effect of the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results, power consumption.Results and discussionIt was shown that mining is the main contributor to all impact categories (between 65 and 90% compared with the mineral separation plant). For example, primary energy demand (PED) and global warming potential (GWP) contribute 76% and 70%, respectively, to the production of 1 kg of zircon sand. PED for 1 kg of zircon sand is calculated to be 4 MJ, whereas the GWP is 0.32 kg CO2 equivalent per kg of zircon sand. The main influencing factor in the mining process is electricity consumption.ConclusionsIn conformity with relevant ISO standards, and backed up by a critical review, this LCA quantified the potential environmental impacts associated with the production of the zircon sand (ZrSiO4). With this study, a sound dataset for downstream users of zircon sand has been provided. It is the first LCA dataset of the ZIA.