Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China
Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China
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DOI：
10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kai Xiao;Qingyue Wang;Senlin Lu;Yichun Lin;C. Enyoh;T. Chowdhury;M. Rabin;Md. Rezwanul Islam;Yue Guo;Weiqian Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kai Xiao;Qingyue Wang;Senlin Lu;Yichun Lin;C. Enyoh;T. Chowdhury;M. Rabin;Md. Rezwanul Islam;Yue Guo;Weiqian Wang
抚远农村地区肺癌发病率和死亡率最高一直是研究热点，其发病机制尚不清楚。因此，我们于2017年2月18日至3月1日期间采集大气颗粒物（APMs）样品，探讨水溶性潜在有毒金属（WSPTMs）和水溶性无机离子（WSIIs）的水平、大小分布、来源、酸度和碱度，以及潜在的致癌和非致癌风险，希望为解决这一问题提供科学的基础数据。在我们的研究中，PM1.1、PM1.1 - 2.0、PM2.0-3.3、PM3.3-7.0和PM bbb7.0中硝酸盐离子(NO3−)/硫酸盐离子（SO42−）的平均比值分别为0.22、0.18、0.15、0.34和0.36，表明燃烧源对PM的贡献更为显著。PM1.1、pm2.0 ~ 3.3、pm3.3 ~ 7.0范围内所有样品的平衡阴离子(ANE) /平衡阳离子（CAE）均< 1，表明PM1.1 ~ 2.0颗粒物呈碱性，PM1.1 ~ 2.0颗粒物呈弱酸性。SO42−更倾向于与NH4+结合形成（NH4）2SO4，这阻碍了NH4NO3的形成，剩余的SO42−和NO3−中和K+，在所有颗粒物中都形成了kno3，但只有在PM<3.3时才能形成k2so4。砷（As）和硒（Se）被鉴定为所有PM尺寸中最富集的wsptm，主要来自人为排放，这表明煤炭燃烧是PM结合的wsptm的重要来源。小颗粒（< 1.1 μm）的wsptm总致癌风险（TCR）值较高（女孩、男孩和成人分别为9.98 × 10-6、1.06 × 10-5和1.19 × 10-5）。硒被认为是pm2.0中致癌风险（CR）的主要贡献者（63.60%），并且与PM大小呈反比关系，应该成为首要关注的问题。
The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion (NO3−)/sulfate ion (SO42−) within PM1.1, PM1.1–2.0, PM2.0–3.3, PM3.3–7.0, and PM>7.0were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within PM1.1, PM2.0–3.3, PM3.3–7.0indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but PM1.1–2.0particulate matter shows weak acidity. SO42−prefers to combine with NH4+to form (NH4)2SO4, which hinders the formation of NH4NO3, the remaining SO42−and NO3−to neutralize the K+, KNO3was formed at all particulate, however, K2SO4can only be formed in PM<3.3. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × 10–6, 1.06 × 10–5, and 1.19 × 10–5for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in PM2.0and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern.