Oxygen- and capacity-limitation of thermal tolerance: a matrix for integrating climate-related stressor effects in marine ecosystems
Oxygen- and capacity-limitation of thermal tolerance: a matrix for integrating climate-related stressor effects in marine ecosystems
复制标题
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.037523
复制
发表时间：
2010-03-15
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Poertner, H.-O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Poertner, H.-O.
水生外温动物的氧和容量依赖的热耐受性的概念已经成功地解释了气候引起的温度升高对该领域物种丰度的影响。因此，对组织的供氧和由此产生的有氧性能特征形成了生物体适应性与其在生态系统水平上的作用和功能之间的主要联系。水呼吸器的性能的热窗口与其有氧范围的窗口相匹配。性能损失反映了最早的热应力水平，由低氧血症和热包络边界处氧供应和需求的渐进性不匹配引起。氧缺乏导致向被动耐受性的转变，以及相关的全身和细胞应激信号，如激素反应或氧化应激，以及保护机制的使用，如热休克蛋白在极端温度下。季节之间的热适应或对气候制度的适应涉及改变热窗和调整窗宽。需要专门研究有限的温度范围，这是由于从分子结构到整个生物体功能的几个层次上的温度依赖性权衡，也可能支持最大化的能源效率。各种环境因素，如CO2（海洋酸化）和缺氧与这些主要关系相互作用。现有的知识表明，这些因素引起代谢抑制，支持被动耐受极端温度。然而，它们也会加剧低氧血症，导致热性能窗口变窄，并过早地导致生物体达到其热适应能力的极限。概念分析表明，能源周转，活动能力和其他功能和热窗口的宽度之间的关系，可能会导致对气候的专业化，并作为一个热矩阵，对气候变化的敏感性和所涉及的因素的综合理解。这种功能关系也可能与气候引起的物种相互作用的变化有关，从而与生态系统一级的群落反应有关。
The concept of oxygen-and capacity-dependent thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms has successfully explained climate-induced effects of rising temperatures on species abundance in the field. Oxygen supply to tissues and the resulting aerobic performance characters thus form a primary link between organismal fitness and its role and functioning at the ecosystem level. The thermal window of performance in water breathers matches their window of aerobic scope. Loss of performance reflects the earliest level of thermal stress, caused by hypoxaemia and the progressive mismatch of oxygen supply and demand at the borders of the thermal envelope. Oxygen deficiency elicits the transition to passive tolerance and associated systemic and cellular stress signals like hormonal responses or oxidative stress as well as the use of protection mechanisms like heat shock proteins at thermal extremes. Thermal acclimatization between seasons or adaptation to a climate regime involves shifting thermal windows and adjusting window widths. The need to specialize on a limited temperature range results from temperature-dependent trade-offs at several hierarchical levels, from molecular structure to whole-organism functioning, and may also support maximized energy efficiency. Various environmental factors like CO2 (ocean acidification) and hypoxia interact with these principal relationships. Existing knowledge suggests that these factors elicit metabolic depression supporting passive tolerance to thermal extremes. However, they also exacerbate hypoxaemia, causing a narrowing of thermal performance windows and prematurely leading the organism to the limits of its thermal acclimation capacity. The conceptual analysis suggests that the relationships between energy turnover, the capacities of activity and other functions and the width of thermal windows may lead to an integrative understanding of specialization on climate and, as a thermal matrix, of sensitivity to climate change and the factors involved. Such functional relationships might also relate to climate-induced changes in species interactions and, thus, community responses at the ecosystem level.