Molluscan shell colour
Molluscan shell colour
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DOI：
10.1111/brv.12268
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发表时间：
2017-05
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Suzanne T. Williams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Suzanne T. Williams
软体动物门是高度物种化的，并且是海洋领域中最大的门。绝大多数软体动物都有壳，包括几乎所有的双壳类，大多数腹足类和一些头足类。软体动物壳的神话般的和多样的颜色和图案被广泛认可，并已被收藏家和科学家欣赏了数百年。它们作为分类学家可以用来识别和区分物种的特征，但它们对动物的功能有时不太清楚，并且一直是许多生态学和进化研究的焦点。尽管有这些研究，但对软体动物外壳颜色的进化几乎一无所知。这篇综述首次总结了与软体动物壳色进化相关的不同研究的主要发现，并讨论了颜色的重要性，包括视觉和非视觉选择，饮食和非生物因素的影响。我还总结了一些类群和最近的努力，以了解的分子机制支持壳色合成的壳色的遗传性的证据。我描述了在软体动物中发现的一些主要的壳色素（类胡萝卜素，黑色素和四吡咯，包括卟啉和胆色素），以及它们在化石记录中的耐久性。最后，我认为，颜料似乎是分布在一个遗传相关的方式，颜色的合成可能是精力充沛的成本。
The phylum Mollusca is highly speciose, and is the largest phylum in the marine realm. The great majority of molluscs are shelled, including nearly all bivalves, most gastropods and some cephalopods. The fabulous and diverse colours and patterns of molluscan shells are widely recognised and have been appreciated for hundreds of years by collectors and scientists alike. They serve taxonomists as characters that can be used to recognise and distinguish species, however their function for the animal is sometimes less clear and has been the focus of many ecological and evolutionary studies. Despite these studies, almost nothing is known about the evolution of colour in molluscan shells. This review summarises for the first time major findings of disparate studies relevant to the evolution of shell colour in Mollusca and discusses the importance of colour, including the effects of visual and non‐visual selection, diet and abiotic factors. I also summarise the evidence for the heritability of shell colour in some taxa and recent efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning synthesis of shell colours. I describe some of the main shell pigments found in Mollusca (carotenoids, melanin and tetrapyrroles, including porphyrins and bile pigments), and their durability in the fossil record. Finally I suggest that pigments appear to be distributed in a phylogenetically relevant manner and that the synthesis of colour is likely to be energetically costly.