The Shuidonggou site complex: new excavations and implications for the earliest Late Paleolithic in North China
The Shuidonggou site complex: new excavations and implications for the earliest Late Paleolithic in North China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2012.06.028
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发表时间：
2012-12
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Shuwen Pei;Xing Gao;Huiming Wang;K. Kuman;C. Bae;Fuyou Chen;Ying Guan;Yue Zhang;Xiaoling Zhang-Xiao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shuwen Pei;Xing Gao;Huiming Wang;K. Kuman;C. Bae;Fuyou Chen;Ying Guan;Yue Zhang;Xiaoling Zhang-Xiao
最初的旧石器时代晚期据说出现在 40 至 30 基亚之间的东亚，它的定义是许多创新的出现。这些考古指标包括更精致的石器制造技术的出现（例如，包括刀片和微刀片技术的出现）、复杂的壁炉结构、颜料的使用和个人装饰品，以及加工的动物工具，例如骨和鹿角工具。我们在此报告在中国北部的水洞沟遗址群进行的多学科研究项目的新发现，该遗址是一系列可以追溯到旧石器时代晚期到新石器时代的地点。发现了 6 个新地点（SDG7-12），并发掘了 5 个地点 [SDG2（先前已确定）以及 SDG7-9 和 12]，出土了 50,000 多件石器、动物群、鸵鸟蛋壳珠和炉灶。测年结果表明，人类对水洞沟地区的占领发生在晚更新世至中全新世（∼32,000–6000 BP）期间。有些网站的特点是小而不规则的薄片、随意修饰的工具[修改或非正式修饰的工具（即零星修饰的非标准化工具，控制得不好）]、刀片数量少或没有刀片。其他石器组合以刀片和微刀片为主。在两个地点，开发了更高质量或外来的原材料，但在大多数地点，使用了当地可用的河卵石。除了刀片、微刀片和炉床外，还从三个地点发现了 80 多个精细穿孔和抛光的鸵鸟蛋壳珠子，大部分颜色为红赭石。在最年轻的遗址 SDG12 的沉积物中还发现了一些可以使用的骨针和锥子，其年代可追溯到 1977 年。 13,000 卡路里血压。讨论了中国旧石器时代晚期的最初出现和现代人类迁入华北的影响。
The initial Late Paleolithic, said to appear between 40 and 30 kya in eastern Asia, is defined by the appearance of many innovations. These archaeological indicators include the appearance of more refined stone tool making techniques (e.g., include the appearance of blade and microblade technology), complex hearth construction, use of pigments and personal ornamentation, as well as worked faunal implements such as bone and antler tools. We report here new findings from a multidisciplinary research project conducted at the Shuidonggou (Choei-tong-keou) site complex in northern China, a series of localities that date from the initial Late Paleolithic to the Neolithic. Six new localities (SDG7–12) were discovered and five localities [SDG2 (previously identified) and SDG7–9 and 12] were excavated, yielding more than 50,000 stone artifacts, fauna, ostrich eggshell beads, and hearths. Dating results suggest that human occupation of the Shuidonggou area occurred during the Late Pleistocene to Middle Holocene (∼32,000–6000 BP). Some sites are characterized by small, irregular flakes, casually retouched tools [modified or informally retouched tools (i.e., non-standardized tools with sporadic retouch which was not well controlled)], and small numbers of blades or no blades. Others lithic assemblages are dominated by blades and microblades. At two sites, higher quality or exotic raw materials were exploited, but at the majority of sites locally-available river cobbles were used. In addition to blades, microblades and hearths, more than 80 finely-perforated and polished ostrich egg-shell beads, mostly colored with red ochre, were recovered from three sites. Several worked bone needles and an awl were also uncovered from the youngest site, SDG12, in deposits dating to c. 13,000 cal BP. The implications for the initial appearance of the Late Paleolithic in China and movement of modern human populations into North China are discussed.