Misinformation and the Sins of Memory: False-Belief Formation and Limits on Belief Revision.
Misinformation and the Sins of Memory: False-Belief Formation and Limits on Belief Revision.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/mac0000090
复制
发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Ecker, Ullrich K H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newman, Eryn J;Swire-Thompson, Briony;Ecker, Ullrich K H
错误信息有可能对个人决策和共同利益产生负面影响。例如，对错误信息的信念可能对公共健康、环境行为和民主产生负面影响（Cook，2019; Lewandowsky等人，2017; Loomba等人，2021; Nisbet等人，2021; Swire-Thompson & Lazer，2022）。无论是在线还是离线，人们对错误信息的脆弱性部分来自于我们认知系统的特征。这些认知特征会导致我们形成错误的信念，把错误的说法记为真，并在错误信息被纠正时努力更新记忆和修正信念。在这里，我们提供了一个评论的目标文章“记忆罪在应用设置：什么样的进展？”（Schacter，2022 a），因为Schacter的许多记忆之罪对于理解错误信息的认知影响背后的机制至关重要。具体来说，本文在以下两个方面讨论了这些罪过：（a）错误信念的形成;（B）错误信息在被纠正后对认知的持续影响。
Misinformation has the potential to negatively affect both individual decision-making and the common good. For example, belief in misinformation can have a negative impact on public health, environmental behaviors, and democracy (Cook, 2019; Lewandowsky et al., 2017; Loomba et al., 2021; Nisbet et al., 2021; Swire-Thompson & Lazer, 2022). Both in online and offline settings, people’s vulnerability to misinformation arises in part from features of our cognitive system. These cognitive features can lead us to form false beliefs, remember false claims as true, and struggle with memory updating and belief revision when misinformation is corrected. Here, we provide a commentary on the target article “Memory Sins in Applied Settings: What Kind of Progress?”(Schacter, 2022a), as many of Schacter’s sins of memory are fundamental to understanding the mechanisms behind the cognitive impacts of misinformation. Specifically, the current article discusses these sins in the context of (a) the formation of false beliefs and (b) the continued influence that misinformation can have on cognition after having been corrected.