Preschoolers' Understanding of Others' Desires: Fulfilling Mine Enhances My Understanding of Yours
Preschoolers' Understanding of Others' Desires: Fulfilling Mine Enhances My Understanding of Yours
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DOI：
10.1037/a0020374
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Meltzoff, Andrew N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atance, Cristina M.;Belanger, Michele;Meltzoff, Andrew N.
我们开发了一项送礼任务，要求孩子们识别母亲的愿望，当母亲的愿望与他们的不同时。我们发现了一个发展变化：3岁和4岁的孩子比5岁的孩子表现更差(实验1)。这项任务的改良版(实验2)显示，愿望得到满足的3、4和5岁的孩子比愿望未得到满足的孩子更经常地为他们的母亲选择合适的礼物。那些仅仅期待欲望实现的孩子也比那些欲望没有得到满足的孩子表现得更好。对儿童口头解释的分析提供了一致的证据，表明欲望满足增强了儿童接受母亲观点的倾向，并通过引用母亲的欲望来证明他们的选择是正确的。讨论的重点是为什么欲望满足增强了孩子考虑他人欲望的能力。
We developed a gift-giving task requiring children to identify their mother's desire, when her desire differed from theirs. We found a developmental change: 3- and 4-year-olds performed more poorly than 5-year-olds (Experiment 1). A modified version of this task (Experiment 2) revealed that 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds whose desires had been fulfilled chose an appropriate gift for their mothers significantly more often than children whose desires were unfulfilled. Children who merely anticipated desire fulfillment also outperformed children whose desires were unfulfilled. Analysis of children's verbal explanations provides converging evidence that desire fulfillment enhanced children's tendency to adopt the perspective of their mother and justify their choices by referencing her desires. Discussion focuses on why desire fulfillment enhances children's ability to consider the desires of others.