SUSTAINED MONITORING OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AT DRAKE PASSAGE: PAST ACHIEVEMENTS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES
SUSTAINED MONITORING OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AT DRAKE PASSAGE: PAST ACHIEVEMENTS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES
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DOI：
10.1029/2010rg000348
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发表时间：
2011-12
影响因子：
25.2
通讯作者：
M. Meredith;P. Woodworth;T. Chereskin;D. Marshall;L. Allison;G. Bigg;K. Donohue;K. Heywood;C. Hughes;A. Hibbert;A. Hogg;H. Johnson;L. Jullion;B. King;H. Leach;Y. Lenn;M. M. Morales Maqueda-M.;D. Munday;A. N. Naveira Garabato;C. Provost;J. Sallée;J. Sprintall
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Meredith;P. Woodworth;T. Chereskin;D. Marshall;L. Allison;G. Bigg;K. Donohue;K. Heywood;C. Hughes;A. Hibbert;A. Hogg;H. Johnson;L. Jullion;B. King;H. Leach;Y. Lenn;M. M. Morales Maqueda-M.;D. Munday;A. N. Naveira Garabato;C. Provost;J. Sallée;J. Sprintall
德雷克海峡是南极环极流（ACC）在南大洋中最狭窄的通道，对全球海洋环流和气候具有重要影响。我们回顾了从20世纪初开始在德雷克海峡进行的长期持续监测项目。从这些项目中取得的许多突破引起了人们的注意，包括：(1)首次确定了复杂的ACC结构并对其运输进行了早期量化；(2)认识到ACC的输送在年际和更长时间内是非常稳定的，并且对这一过程的理解日益加深；(3)认识到耦合气候模态在决定水平输运中的作用以及人为过程在其中的作用；(4)了解南大洋上、下肢翻转环流变化的驱动机制及其影响。有人认为，对这一通道的监测仍然是海洋学和气候研究的重中之重，但可以在如何进行这一研究方面作出战略性改进。特别是，长期计划应该集中于提供与大规模环境问题直接相关的关键变量的量化：在这种情况下，随时间变化的倾覆环流，如果有的话，甚至比ACC流量更有吸引力。此外，有必要更好地进行国际资源共享和改进测量的时空协调。如果实现了这一目标，对来自德雷克海峡监测的重要气候问题的理解的改进可以持续到未来。
Drake Passage is the narrowest constriction of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in the Southern Ocean, with implications for global ocean circulation and climate. We review the long‐term sustained monitoring programs that have been conducted at Drake Passage, dating back to the early part of the twentieth century. Attention is drawn to numerous breakthroughs that have been made from these programs, including (1) the first determinations of the complex ACC structure and early quantifications of its transport; (2) realization that the ACC transport is remarkably steady over interannual and longer periods, and a growing understanding of the processes responsible for this; (3) recognition of the role of coupled climate modes in dictating the horizontal transport and the role of anthropogenic processes in this; and (4) understanding of mechanisms driving changes in both the upper and lower limbs of the Southern Ocean overturning circulation and their impacts. It is argued that monitoring of this passage remains a high priority for oceanographic and climate research but that strategic improvements could be made concerning how this is conducted. In particular, long‐term programs should concentrate on delivering quantifications of key variables of direct relevance to large‐scale environmental issues: In this context, the time‐varying overturning circulation is, if anything, even more compelling a target than the ACC flow. Further, there is a need for better international resource sharing and improved spatiotemporal coordination of the measurements. If achieved, the improvements in understanding of important climatic issues deriving from Drake Passage monitoring can be sustained into the future.