Structural brain alterations following 5 days of intervention:: Dynamic aspects of neuroplasticity
Structural brain alterations following 5 days of intervention:: Dynamic aspects of neuroplasticity
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhj138
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Eichhammer, P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
May, A.;Hajak, G.;Eichhammer, P.
经过3个月的学习技能训练后，成年人的大脑在结构水平上的激活依赖性可塑性已经得到证实。然而，依赖于使用的结构变化的确切时间尺度，无论是几天、几个月还是几年，仍然存在争议。更好地了解时间参数可能有助于阐明这种类型的皮层可塑性在多大程度上有助于快速适应皮层过程，这可能与学习和治疗效果有关。使用基于体素的形态测量学，我们能够表明，重复的经颅磁刺激传递到上级颞叶皮层导致宏观皮质变化的灰质（GM）在听觉皮层早在5天内的连续干预。这些结构的变化反映了皮质诱发电位的变化归因于GM的变化，并证明了这些过程的快速动态，这发生在一个时间范围内的特征的发病行为的影响诱导的各种治疗方法的神经精神疾病。我们的发现表明，成年人在结构水平上的皮质可塑性在1周后就已经可以检测到，这为快速调节神经元系统（如脊柱和突触更新）提供了支持，并与缓慢进化的机制（如神经元或神经胶质细胞发生）相矛盾。
Activation-dependent brain plasticity in humans on a structural level has been demonstrated in adults after 3 months of training a visiomotor skill. The exact timescale of usage-dependent structural changes, whether days, months, or years, is, however, still debated. A better understanding of the temporal parameters may help elucidate to what extent this type of cortical plasticity contributes to fast adapting cortical processes that may be relevant to learning and effects of treatments. Using voxel-based morphometry, we are able to show that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered to the superior temporal cortex causes macroscopic cortical changes in gray matter (GM) in the auditory cortex as early as within 5 days of continuous intervention. These structural alterations are mirrored by changes in cortical evoked potentials attributed to the GM changes and demonstrate the rapid dynamics of these processes, which occur within a time range characteristic for the onset of behavioral effects induced by a variety of treatment methods for neuropsychiatric diseases. Our finding suggests that cortical plasticity on a structural level in adult humans is already detectable after 1 week, which provides support for fast adjusting neuronal systems, such as spine and synapse turnover, and contradicts slow evolving mechanisms, such as neuronal or glial cell genesis.