Neuropeptide Control of Puberty: Beyond Kisspeptins
Neuropeptide Control of Puberty: Beyond Kisspeptins
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DOI：
10.1055/s-0039-3400967
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Tena-Sempere, Manuel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barroso, Alexia;Roa, Juan;Tena-Sempere, Manuel
青春期是任何一个人一生中的一个基本发育事件，当性成熟和躯体成熟完成，生殖能力达到。虽然青春期的节奏受到强烈的基因决定，但它也受到一系列内部和环境因素的影响，尤其是营养和代谢信号。在过去的十年里，我们对正常青春期的神经激素基础及其干扰的了解有了很大的扩大。由Kiss1基因编码的Kispeptins在控制青春期的下丘脑回路中的基本作用的阐明说明了这一点。此外，与Kispeptin信号汇聚的其他神经肽通路被指出是青春期时间选择的重要共同调节因素。这些包括弓状核(ARC)Kiss1神经元的共递质、神经激肽B和强啡肽，以及由ARC神经元表达前阿片黑素皮质素产生的黑素皮质素，它们也被赋予在代谢稳态控制中的关键作用。这种神经肽结构似乎以一种协调的方式参与传递代谢信号对青春期成熟的调节作用。在这一功能中，细胞代谢感受器，如AMP激活的蛋白激酶和燃料敏感的脱乙酰酶，SIRT1，最近也被证明对青春期的代谢调节有贡献。总之，阐明这些信号和调节电路的生理作用将有助于揭示青春期大脑控制的亲密性，以及从营养不良到肥胖等代谢应激条件下的变化。
Puberty is a fundamental developmental event in the lifespan of any individual, when sexual and somatic maturation is completed, and reproductive capacity is achieved. While the tempo of puberty is under strong genetic determination, it is also modulated by a wide array of internal and environmental cues, including, prominently, nutritional and metabolic signals. In the last decade, our understanding of the neurohormonal basis of normal puberty and its perturbations has enlarged considerably. This is illustrated by the elucidation of the essential roles of kisspeptins, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, in the hypothalamic circuits controlling puberty. Moreover, other neuropeptide pathways, convergent with kisspeptin signaling, have been pointed out as important coregulators of pubertal timing. These include the cotransmitters of Kiss1 neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), neurokinin B, and dynorphin, as well as melanocortins, produced by ARC neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin, which are endowed with key roles also in the control of metabolic homeostasis. This neuropeptide setup seemingly participates, in a coordinated manner, in transmitting the regulatory actions of metabolic cues on pubertal maturation. In this function, cellular metabolic sensors, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase, and the fuel-sensing deacetylase, SIRT1, have also been shown recently to contribute to the metabolic regulation of puberty. Altogether, elucidation of the physiological roles of these signals and regulatory circuits will help uncover the intimacies of the brain control of puberty, and its alterations in conditions of metabolic stress, ranging from subnutrition to obesity.