Some Aspects of Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised Patients: A Review
Some Aspects of Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised Patients: A Review
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DOI：
10.1590/s0074-02762002000400001
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发表时间：
2002-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Borges, Aércio Sebastião
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ferreira, Marcelo Simão;Borges, Aércio Sebastião
原生动物是最重要的病原体之一，可以引起免疫功能低下的宿主感染。这些微生物特别感染细胞免疫受损的个体，例如血液肿瘤患者、肾或心脏移植患者、使用高剂量皮质类固醇的患者和获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者。在免疫功能低下患者中最常引起疾病的原生动物是弓形虫、克氏锥虫、不同种类的利什曼原虫和隐孢子虫：前两种引起严重的急性脑膜脑炎和急性心肌炎，利什曼原虫引起粘膜皮肤或内脏疾病，隐孢子虫可导致慢性腹泻伴肝胆受累。目前已有各种血清学、寄生虫学、组织学和分子学方法用于诊断这些感染，对这些生物体中的每一种进行早期特异性治疗是降低与这些感染相关的发病率和死亡率的基本措施。
Protozoa are among the most important pathogens that can cause infections in immunocompromised hosts. These microorganisms particularly infect individuals with impaired cellular immunity, such as those with hematological neoplasias, renal or heart transplant patients, patients using high doses of corticosteroids, and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The protozoa that most frequently cause disease in immunocompromised patients are Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, different Leishmania species, and Cryptosporidium parvum: the first two species cause severe acute meningoencephalitis and acute myocarditis, Leishmania sp. causes mucocutaneous or visceral disease, and Cryptosporidium can lead to chronic diarrhea with hepatobiliary involvement. Various serological, parasitological, histological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of these infections are currently available and early institution of specific therapy for each of these organisms is a basic measure to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these infections.