FEEDING PATTERNS OF A SPECIALIST AND A GENERALIST GRASSHOPPER - ELECTRONIC MONITORING ON THEIR HOST PLANTS
FEEDING PATTERNS OF A SPECIALIST AND A GENERALIST GRASSHOPPER - ELECTRONIC MONITORING ON THEIR HOST PLANTS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3032.1990.tb00514.x
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发表时间：
1990-09-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
HOPKINS, TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BLUST, MH;HOPKINS, TL
Hypophora alba (Dodge) 是一种专门的蝗虫，几乎完全以 Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 为食，而这种鼠尾草植物大多被一般性或多食性的蝗虫（例如 Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.)）避免作为食物。对以含有高水平化感物质的短柔毛鼠尾草叶子为食的适应可能涉及行为和生理特化。我们使用电子设备监测取食活动，比较了 H. alba 取食鼠尾草叶子和 M. sanguinipes 取食黑麦草 (Lolium perenne L.) 幼苗的取食周期、发作长度、发作频率和总时间。尽管这两个物种每天的进食时间大致相同（约 4-5%），但它们通过两种不同的进食模式实现了这一目标。 H. alba 的进食次数平均为 c。与 c 相比，每次 10 分钟。对于M. sanguinipes 4-5 分钟。发作频率相反，M. sanguinipes 大约每小时进食一次，而 H. alba 则大约为一半。两个物种的发作长度均不受光周期相位的影响，而发作频率以及因此以分钟/小时为单位的进食速率在黑暗阶段通常会减少三分之二或更多。讨论了蝗虫取食行为与寄主植物特化的关系。
Hypochlora alba (Dodge) is a specialist grasshopper that lives and feeds almost exclusively on Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt., a sage plant mostly avoided as food by generalist or polyphagous grasshoppers, such as Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.). Adaptations to feeding on the pubescent sage foliage containing high levels of allelochemics may involve behavioural as well as physiological specialization. Using an electronic device to monitor feeding activity, we compared feeding periodicity, bout length, bout frequency, and overall time spent feeding by H. alba on sage foliage and by M. sanguinipes on seedling ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), the plants on which they had been reared. Although both species fed for about the same amount of time per day (c. 4-5%), they achieved this by two different feeding patterns. H. alba had feeding bouts averaging c. 10 min each, compared to c. 4-5 min for M. sanguinipes. Bout frequency was reversed, with M. sanguinipes feeding about once every hour and H. alba about half as often. Bout length for both species was unaffected by phase of the photoperiod while bout frequency, and consequently the rate of feeding in min/h, was typically reduced by two-thirds or more during the dark phase. The relationship of grasshopper feeding behaviour to host plant specialization is discussed.