Single Cells within the Puerto Rico Trench Suggest Hadal Adaptation of Microbial Lineages
Single Cells within the Puerto Rico Trench Suggest Hadal Adaptation of Microbial Lineages
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01659-15
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Bartlett, Douglas H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leon-Zayas, Rosa;Novotny, Mark;Bartlett, Douglas H.
深海生态系统位于海平面以下6,000米的深度，占海洋总面积的不到1%。这些生态系统中的微生物群落和代谢潜力在很大程度上是未知的。在这里，我们提出了四个单一的扩增基因组（SAG）从8,219米以下的海平面内的深海生态系统的波多黎各海沟（PRT）。这些SAG来自深海分支的成员，包括Thaumarchaeota和SAR 11分支，其中两个与以前分离的嗜压（高压适应）微生物有关。为了确定可能在适应深海环境方面发挥作用的基因，对密切相关的浅水微生物的基因组进行了比较分析。古细菌SAG具有与混合营养相关的基因，包括脂酰化和甘氨酸裂解途径。SAR 11 SAG编码糖酵解酶，以前报道在这个丰富和世界性的组中缺失。其他SAG，这是有关piezophilic分离物，拥有的基因，可以通过氢的氧化或一氧化二氮的还原来补充能量需求。我们发现了潜在的海沟特异性基因分布的证据，因为几个SAG基因只在PRT宏基因组中观察到，而不是在较浅的深海宏基因组中。这些结果说明了新的生态型功能，可能在微生物的生活在超深渊环境的适应中发挥重要作用。
Hadal ecosystems are found at a depth of 6,000 m below sea level and below, occupying less than 1% of the total area of the ocean. The microbial communities and metabolic potential in these ecosystems are largely uncharacterized. Here, we present four single amplified genomes (SAGs) obtained from 8,219 m below the sea surface within the hadal ecosystem of the Puerto Rico Trench (PRT). These SAGs are derived from members of deep-sea clades, including the Thaumarchaeota and SAR11 clade, and two are related to previously isolated piezophilic (high-pressure-adapted) microorganisms. In order to identify genes that might play a role in adaptation to deep-sea environments, comparative analyses were performed with genomes from closely related shallow-water microbes. The archaeal SAG possesses genes associated with mixotrophy, including lipoylation and the glycine cleavage pathway. The SAR11 SAG encodes glycolytic enzymes previously reported to be missing from this abundant and cosmopolitan group. The other SAGs, which are related to piezophilic isolates, possess genes that may supplement energy demands through the oxidation of hydrogen or the reduction of nitrous oxide. We found evidence for potential trench-specific gene distributions, as several SAG genes were observed only in a PRT metagenome and not in shallower deep-sea metagenomes. These results illustrate new ecotype features that might perform important roles in the adaptation of microorganisms to life in hadal environments.