A novel framework to evaluate pedestrian safety at non-signalized locations
A novel framework to evaluate pedestrian safety at non-signalized locations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2017.11.015
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Saunier, Nicolas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fu, Ting;Miranda-Moreno, Luis;Saunier, Nicolas
本文提出了一个新的框架，以评估行人安全在无信号控制人行横道位置。在所提出的框架中，屈服机动的驾驶员在响应行人分为反应和制动时间。因此，退让机动所需的距离和接近车辆速度的关系取决于驾驶员的反应时间和车辆可以实现的减速率。建议的框架表示的距离-速度（DV）图，并被称为DV模型。接近的车辆和行人之间的相互作用表现出交叉的意图分为三类：i）车辆不能完全停止的情况，ii）车辆停止的能力取决于驾驶员反应时间的情况，以及iii）车辆可以完全停止的情况。在此基础上，将非屈服机动分为“非违规非屈服”机动、“不确定非屈服”机动和“非屈服”违规机动。从行人的角度，交叉口的决策分为危险交叉口，风险交叉口和安全交叉口。在此基础上，重新定义了衡量屈服行为的屈服顺应性和屈服率。通过交叉口的时间和车辆停车所需的减速率来衡量碰撞概率。最后，该框架通过案例研究证明在三种不同类型的无信号交叉口行人安全评估：画人行横道，无保护的人行横道，和停车标志控制的人行横道。从案例研究的结果表明，所提出的框架工作良好，在描述行人-车辆的相互作用，这有助于在非信号人行横道位置的行人安全评估。
This paper proposes a new framework to evaluate pedestrian safety at non-signalized crosswalk locations. In the proposed framework, the yielding maneuver of a driver in response to a pedestrian is split into the reaction and braking time. Hence, the relationship of the distance required for a yielding maneuver and the approaching vehicle speed depends on the reaction time of the driver and deceleration rate that the vehicle can achieve. The proposed framework is represented in the distance-velocity (DV) diagram and referred as the DV model. The interactions between approaching vehicles and pedestrians showing the intention to cross are divided in three categories: i) situations where the vehicle cannot make a complete stop, ii) situations where the vehicle's ability to stop depends on the driver reaction time, and iii) situations where the vehicle can make a complete stop. Based on these classifications, non-yielding maneuvers are classified as "non-infraction non-yielding" maneuvers, "uncertain non-yielding" maneuvers and "non-yielding" violations, respectively. From the pedestrian perspective, crossing decisions are classified as dangerous crossings, risky crossings and safe crossings accordingly. The yielding compliance and yielding rate, as measures of the yielding behavior, are redefined based on these categories. Time to crossing and deceleration rate required for the vehicle to stop are used to measure the probability of collision. Finally, the framework is demonstrated through a case study in evaluating pedestrian safety at three different types of non-signalized crossings: a painted crosswalk, an unprotected crosswalk, and a crosswalk controlled by stop signs. Results from the case study suggest that the proposed framework works well in describing pedestrian-vehicle interactions which helps in evaluating pedestrian safety at non-signalized crosswalk locations.