A tiny loop in the Argonaute PIWI domain tunes small RNA seed strength.

A tiny loop in the Argonaute PIWI domain tunes small RNA seed strength.
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DOI:
10.15252/embr.202255806
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发表时间:
2023-06-05
期刊:
影响因子:
7.7
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
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Argonaute (AGO)蛋白以microRNAs (miRNAs)和小干扰rna (sirna)为向导,调控植物和动物的基因表达。在双边动物中使用miRNA的AGOs识别与miRNA种子区互补的短(6-8 nt.)元件,使每个miRNA能够与数百个其他不相关的靶标相互作用。相比之下,在植物中使用miRNA的AGOs使用较长的识别元件,使得每个miRNA沉默少量与生理相关的靶标。在这里,我们发现这种主要的功能区别取决于植物和动物AGO蛋白之间的微小结构差异:PIWI结构域的9个氨基酸环。将PIWI环从人Argonaute2 (HsAGO2)交换到拟南芥Argonaute10 (AtAGO10)中可以增加种子强度,从而产生类似动物的miRNA靶向。相反,将植物PIWI环交换为HsAGO2会降低种子强度并加速裂解靶点的周转。在哺乳动物细胞中,与野生型HsAGO2相比,环交换的HsAGO2沉默具有更强的靶向性,miRNA样靶向性降低。因此,微小的结构差异可以调整AGO蛋白的靶向特性,以发挥不同的生物学作用。植物和动物Argonaute蛋白之间的微小差异调整了RNA向导的碱基配对特性,从而产生具有离散生物学功能的小RNA类。
Argonaute (AGO) proteins use microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as guides to regulate gene expression in plants and animals. AGOs that use miRNAs in bilaterian animals recognize short (6–8 nt.) elements complementary to the miRNA seed region, enabling each miRNA to interact with hundreds of otherwise unrelated targets. By contrast, AGOs that use miRNAs in plants employ longer (> 13 nt.) recognition elements such that each miRNA silences a small number of physiologically related targets. Here, we show that this major functional distinction depends on a minor structural difference between plant and animal AGO proteins: a 9‐amino acid loop in the PIWI domain. Swapping the PIWI loop from human Argonaute2 (HsAGO2) into Arabidopsis Argonaute10 (AtAGO10) increases seed strength, resulting in animal‐like miRNA targeting. Conversely, swapping the plant PIWI loop into HsAGO2 reduces seed strength and accelerates the turnover of cleaved targets. The loop‐swapped HsAGO2 silences targets more potently, with reduced miRNA‐like targeting, than wild‐type HsAGO2 in mammalian cells. Thus, tiny structural differences can tune the targeting properties of AGO proteins for distinct biological roles. Tiny differences between plant and animal Argonaute proteins tune the base pairing properties of RNA guides to create small RNA classes with discrete biological functions.
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