Satellite Altimetry for Monitoring Lake Level Changes
Satellite Altimetry for Monitoring Lake Level Changes
复制标题
用于监测湖泊水位变化的卫星测高
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Papa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Crétaux;A. Kouraev;M. Bergé;A. Cazenave;F. Papa
自 1991 年以来，得益于最近的卫星测高任务（Topex-Poseidon、ERS-1、ERS-2、Jason-1 和 Envisat），对湖泊和内海的准确和连续监测成为可能。对这些卫星数据进行全球处理，可以提供1991年至2003年全球湖泊水位的时空时间序列，精度达到分米级。半干旱地区的湖泊和内海水位对区域水文的响应尤为明显。高度测量数据可以为水文科学提供宝贵的信息来源，但仍然强烈需要现场数据（河流径流、温度、降水等）来研究每个湖泊的水量平衡的演变。此外，河流流量、降水和蒸发等水文参数变化引起的海平面变化是区域气候变化的非常敏感的指标。这里介绍了在咸海和伊塞库尔湖上获得的最新结果。已经获得了这些湖泊水位的年际变化，必须根据水文水平衡来解释。自1960年以来，咸海一直在干涸，自1989年以来，它分为两个经历不同演变的湖泊，南部的大咸海在过去10年里不断干涸，而北部的所谓小咸海则出现了较大的年际波动，这与伯格海峡上一座拦住锡尔河水的大坝的修建和破坏有关。对于伊塞库尔来说，在过去的数百年中观察到水位缓慢下降（每年 4 厘米），随后自 1998 年以来水位突然大幅上升，每年约 10 厘米。这些波动对咸海的当地人口和基础设施的影响是巨大的，而伊塞库尔的情况则更小，但对两个水体的比较研究可能有助于将来了解人类活动对自然变化造成的各自后果。这也是最近由乌兹别克斯坦和吉尔吉斯共和国科学家提交并被北约接受的一个新项目的任务。
Accurate and continuous monitoring of lakes and inland seas is possible since 1991 thanks to the recent missions of satellite altimetry (Topex-Poseidon, ERS-1, ERS-2, Jason-1 and Envisat). Global processing of the data of these satellites could provide temporal and spatial times series of lakes water level from 1991 to 2003 on the whole Earth with a decimeter precision. The response of water level to regional hydrology is particularly marked for lakes and inland seas of semi-arid regions. Altimetry data can provide an invaluable source of information in hydrology sciences, but insitu data (rivers runoff, temperature, precipitation etc.) are still strongly needed to study the evolution of water mass balance of each lake. Moreover, sea level variations that result from variation of hydrological parameters such as river discharge, precipitation and evaporation, are very sensitive indicators of regional climate variations. Recent results obtained on Aral Sea and Issykkul Lake are presented here. Inter — annual changes of water level have been obtained over these lakes that must be interpreted in term of hydrological water balance. Since 1960 the Aral sea has been drying and since 1989 it is divided into two lakes that follow different evolution, the Big Aral in the south which continuously dried up the last 10 years, while the so- called Small Aral in the north presented large inter-annual fluctuations related to constructions and destructions of a dam in the Berg’s strait retaining the water from the Syr Darya. For Issykkul, a slow decrease of the level has been observed over the last hundreds years (4 cm / year), followed by an abrupt and bigger increase of the level of around 10 cm/yr since 1998. The impact on local populations and infra-structures of these fluctuations are dramatic in the case of Aral, much less in the case of Issykkul, but comparative study of both water bodies may help in the future to understand the respective consequences of human-induced activities from the natural changes. It is also the task of a new project recently submitted and accepted by the NATO with scientists from Uzbekistan and Kyrgyz Republic.