Improving rice photosynthesis and yield through trehalose 6-phosphate signaling.
Improving rice photosynthesis and yield through trehalose 6-phosphate signaling.
复制标题
通过海藻糖 6-磷酸信号传导提高水稻光合作用和产量。
DOI：
10.1016/j.molp.2022.03.004
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
27.5
通讯作者：
Paul MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paul MJ
在植物中合成海藻糖的生物合成途径是通过低通量途径，导致微摩尔量的海藻糖6-磷酸(T6P)和当蔗糖可用时积累海藻糖。T6P的积累与蔗糖成比例(Lumn等人，2006年)，作为碳水化合物利用的不可或缺的调节因素(Schluepmann等人，2003年)。至少部分T6P的不可缺少及其对植物生长和发育的深远而广泛的影响可以通过T6P对SNF1相关蛋白激酶SnRK1的抑制来解释(Zhang等人，2009)，SnRK1是植物对碳和能量状态反应的中央调节因子。通过T6P/SnRK1介导的信号转导，通过大规模的基因表达重新编程，包括在碳可用时抑制合成代谢生长过程，植物的生长和发育与蔗糖的可获得性一致(Zhang等，2009)。在农作物中，有几种新出现的情况下，T6P/SnRK1可以被修改以改变碳的使用和分配，从而在田间条件下提高产量(Paul等人，2020年)。到目前为止，对T6P进行产量和弹性转基因最成功的方法是改变海藻糖磷酸酶(TPP)的活性。利用MADS-box转录因子6(MADS6)基因启动子在玉米生殖组织中异位表达TPP酶增加了田间的籽粒数量，特别是在干旱条件下(Nuccio等人，2015年)。蔗糖从髓到发育谷物的分布改变与编码蔗糖最终将被出口到转运体(糖果)的基因表达改变有关，并防止了干旱下谷物的败育(Oszvald等人，2018年)。在高粱中，通过甜高粱和籽粒高粱的遗传杂交发现，一个基本的亮氨酸拉链结构域(BZIP)转录因子提高了TPP的表达，这支持了甜高粱和籽粒高粱茎高的巨大差异和碳水化合物在茎中的积累(Paul等人，2020)。水稻中的TPP基因被发现通过更好地动员淀粉储备，可能通过SnRK1，构成了水稻在淹水条件下萌发的数量性状基因座，为直播水稻的发展提供了希望(Paul等人，2020)。
The biosynthetic route for the synthesis of trehalose in plants is through a low-flux pathway that leads to the accumulation of micromolar amounts of trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) and trehalose when sucrose is available. T6P accumulates in proportion to sucrose (Lunn et al., 2006) as an indispensable regulator of carbohydrate utilization (Schluepmann et al., 2003). At least some of the indispensability of T6P and its profound and widespread effects on plant growth and development can be explained through T6P inhibition of the SNF1-related protein kinase SnRK1 (Zhang et al., 2009), a central regulator of plant responses to carbon and energy status. Through T6P/SnRK1-mediated signaling, plant growth and development are regulated in line with sucrose availability by large-scale reprogramming of gene expression, which includes derepression of anabolic growth processes when carbon is available (Zhang et al., 2009). In crops, there are several emerging cases where T6P/SnRK1 can be modified to alter carbon use and allocation to improve yield under field conditions (Paul et al., 2020). The most successful route through which T6P has been genetically modified for yield and resilience so far is to alter trehalose phosphate phosphatase (TPP) activity. Ectopic expression of a TPP enzyme in maize reproductive tissue using the MADS-box transcription factor 6 (MADS6) gene promoter increased grain numbers in the field, especially under drought (Nuccio et al., 2015). Altered distribution of sucrose away from pith toward developing grain was associated with altered expression of genes encoding Sucrose Will Eventually Be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) and prevented abortion of grain under drought (Oszvald et al., 2018). In sorghum, it was found through genetic crosses of sweet and grain sorghum that a Basic Leucine Zipper Domain (bZIP) transcription factor elevated TPP expression, which underpinned the large differences in height of stems and accumulation of carbohydrates within stems of sweet and grain sorghum (Paul et al., 2020). A TPP gene in rice was found to underlie a quantitative trait locus for germination under flooded conditions through better mobilization of starch reserves, likely through SnRK1, providing promise for the development of direct-seeded rice (Paul et al., 2020).