CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI AND THE EXPANDING SPECTRUM OF RELATED INFECTIONS
CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI AND THE EXPANDING SPECTRUM OF RELATED INFECTIONS
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DOI：
10.1093/clinids/20.5.1092
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发表时间：
1995-05-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
BLASER, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALLOS, BM;BLASER, MJ
弯曲杆菌是人类肠道感染的最常见原因之一。弯曲杆菌是美国和其他工业化国家最常见的导致腹泻的细菌，在发展中国家的儿童中，弯曲杆菌感染也是高地方性的。令人惊讶的是，考虑到今天弯曲杆菌物种的疾病范围，直到20世纪70年代末，这些生物作为人类病原体的作用在很大程度上没有得到重视。弯曲杆菌在本世纪头几十年首次被确认为羊和牛传染性流产和不孕的原因。这些生物对人类的致病性是在1947年报道的，当时从一位败血性流产的孕妇身上分离出弯曲杆菌胎儿。在接下来的几年里，弯曲杆菌偶尔从血液、脑脊液和其他体液中分离出来，被认为是机会致病菌。然而，在King[2]的开创性工作之后，1972年从人类的腹泻粪便中分离出空肠弯曲杆菌，随后选择性粪便培养基的发展使人们认识到弯曲杆菌是世界上大多数地区腹泻的常见原因。由于在美国几乎所有报道的弯曲杆菌分离株都是空肠弯曲杆菌，因此本文将重点介绍这种生物。然而，随着检测方法（例如，在选择性培养基上培养和过滤技术）的改进，弯曲杆菌和与人类疾病有关的相关物种的数量有所增加（表1）。因此，也将提供这些病原体的简要概述。
Campylobacters are among the most common causes of enteric infections in humans. In addition to being the most frequently identified bacterial cause of diarrhea in the United States and most other industrialized nations, campylobacter infections are hyperendemic among children in de-veloping countries. It is surprising, given the scope of disease attributed to Campylobacter species today, that until the late 1970s the role of these organisms as human pathogens was largely unappreciated.Campylobacters were first recognized in the early decades of this century as causes of infectious abortion and infertility in sheep and cattle. The pathogenicity of these organisms for humans was reported in 1947, when Campylobacter fetus was isolated from a pregnant woman who had had a septic abortion [1]. Over the next several years, campylobacters were occasionally isolated from blood, CSF, and other body fluids and were believed to be opportunistic pathogens. How-ever, after the pioneering work of King [2], Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from diarrheal stools from humans in 1972, and the subsequent development of selective stool-culture media led to the recognition that campylobacters are a common cause of diarrhea in most parts of the world. Be-cause nearly all reported Campylobacter isolates in the United States are C. jejuni, this review will focus on this organism. However, as methods of detection (eg, culture on selective media and filtration techniques) have improved, the number of Campylobacter and related species implicated in human disease has increased (table 1). Thus a brief over-view of these pathogens will also be offered.