Residential self-selection bias in the estimation of built environment effects on physical activity between adolescence and young adulthood.
Residential self-selection bias in the estimation of built environment effects on physical activity between adolescence and young adulthood.
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DOI：
10.1186/1479-5868-7-70
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发表时间：
2010-10-04
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gordon-Larsen P
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文献类型：
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作者：
Boone-Heinonen J;Guilkey DK;Evenson KR;Gordon-Larsen P
建筑环境研究以横断面设计为主，特别容易受到因健康相关态度、邻里偏好或其他与邻里选择和健康相关结果相关的未测量特征而产生的住宅自我选择偏差的影响。我们使用了国家青少年健康纵向研究（美国；第一波，1994-95；第三波，2001-02；n = 12,701）的队列数据和随时间变化的地理信息系统。使用随机效应模型（受到未测量的混杂因素的偏差）和固定效应模型（个人估计量，针对随时间推移保持稳定的未测量的混杂因素进行调整）估计了从青春期到青年期的中度至剧烈体育活动（MVPA）次数与建成和社会经济环境指标（土地覆盖多样性、每万人的工资和公共体育活动设施、街道连通性、家庭收入中位数和犯罪率）之间的纵向关系。随机效应模型产生无效关联，但犯罪与 MVPA 的负关联除外 [系数 (95% CI)：男性为 -0.056 (-0.083, -0.029)，女性为 -0.061 (-0.090, -0.033)]。使用人内估计量控制可测量的和时不变的不可测量的特征后，男性 [系数 (95% CI): 0.024 (0.006, 0.042)] 的体力活动支付设施越多，MVPA 越高；男性 [系数 (95% CI): -0.107 (-0.140, -0.075)] 和女性 [系数 (95% CI)] 和女性犯罪率越高，MVPA 越低。 （95% CI）：-0.046（-0.083，-0.009）]。其他关联是无效的或者是反直觉的。将个人估计与未针对未测量特征进行调整的估计进行比较表明，住宅自我选择可能会使关联偏向零，而不是其典型的正混杂因素特征。住宅搬迁的差异环境-MVPA 关联表明，研究住宅搬迁后的变化可能容易受到选择偏差的影响。作者讨论了调整住宅自我选择和住宅搬迁的复杂性，特别是在青少年向年轻人过渡期间。
Built environment research is dominated by cross-sectional designs, which are particularly vulnerable to residential self-selection bias resulting from health-related attitudes, neighborhood preferences, or other unmeasured characteristics related to both neighborhood choice and health-related outcomes. We used cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (United States; Wave I, 1994-95; Wave III, 2001-02; n = 12,701) and a time-varying geographic information system. Longitudinal relationships between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) bouts and built and socioeconomic environment measures (landcover diversity, pay and public physical activity facilities per 10,000 population, street connectivity, median household income, and crime rate) from adolescence to young adulthood were estimated using random effects models (biased by unmeasured confounders) and fixed effects models (within-person estimator, which adjusts for unmeasured confounders that are stable over time). Random effects models yielded null associations except for negative crime-MVPA associations [coefficient (95% CI): -0.056 (-0.083, -0.029) in males, -0.061 (-0.090, -0.033) in females]. After controlling for measured and time invariant unmeasured characteristics using within-person estimators, MVPA was higher with greater physical activity pay facilities in males [coefficient (95% CI): 0.024 (0.006, 0.042)], and lower with higher crime rates in males [coefficient (95% CI): -0.107 (-0.140, -0.075)] and females [coefficient (95% CI): -0.046 (-0.083, -0.009)]. Other associations were null or in the counter-intuitive direction. Comparison of within-person estimates to estimates unadjusted for unmeasured characteristics suggest that residential self-selection can bias associations toward the null, as opposed to its typical characterization as a positive confounder. Differential environment-MVPA associations by residential relocation suggest that studies examining changes following residential relocation may be vulnerable to selection bias. The authors discuss complexities of adjusting for residential self-selection and residential relocation, particularly during the adolescent to young adult transition.