Leukocyte Trafficking to the Small Intestine and Colon.
Leukocyte Trafficking to the Small Intestine and Colon.
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DOI：
10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.046
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Butcher EC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Habtezion A;Nguyen LP;Hadeiba H;Butcher EC
对小肠和大肠的白细胞受到严格控制，以维持肠道免疫稳态，介导免疫反应并调节注射。白细胞募集和肠道中的微环境定位和肠道相关的淋巴组织（GALTS）淋巴细胞流量到肠道淋巴结淋巴结，在这些淋巴结中，它们经历了抗原诱导的激活和启动募集到Galt和T细胞和浆质的小肠都很好地描述了近期的进步。 GALT，并鉴定孤儿G蛋白 - 偶联受体15（GPR15）作为结肠的T细胞趋化因子/运输受体。对人类的小鼠结肠炎模型的结果。淋巴细胞运输机制作为炎症性肠道疾病的治疗靶标，与淋巴细胞相比，先天免疫系统的细胞表达粘合剂和化学吸收剂的接收器，使它们可以直接迁移到炎症中迁移到炎症。到肠道和galt，讨论它们与人类肠道稳态和炎症的相关性。
Leukocyte trafficking to the small and large intestines is tightly controlled to maintain intestinal immune homeostasis, mediate immune responses, and regulate inflammation. A wide array of chemoattractants, chemoattractant receptors, and adhesion molecules expressed by leukocytes, mucosal endothelium, epithelium, and stromal cells controls leukocyte recruitment and microenvironmental localization in intestine and in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs). Naive lymphocytes traffic to the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes where they undergo antigen-induced activation and priming; these processes determine their memory/effector phenotypes and imprint them with the capacity to migrate via the lymph and blood to the intestines. Mechanisms of T-cell recruitment to GALT and of T cells and plasmablasts to the small intestine are well described. Recent advances include the discovery of an unexpected role for lectin CD22 as a B-cell homing receptor GALT, and identification of the orphan G-protein–coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) as a T-cell chemoattractant/trafficking receptor for the colon. GPR15 decorates distinct subsets of T cells in mice and humans, a difference in species that could affect translation of the results of mouse colitis models to humans. Clinical studies with antibodies to integrin α4β7 and its vascular ligand mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 are proving the value of lymphocyte trafficking mechanisms as therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel diseases. In contrast to lymphocytes, cells of the innate immune system express adhesion and chemoattractant receptors that allow them to migrate directly to effector tissue sites during inflammation. We review the mechanisms for innate and adaptive leukocyte localization to the intestinal tract and GALT, and discuss their relevance to human intestinal homeostasis and inflammation.