The Maternal Diet, Gut Bacteria, and Bacterial Metabolites during Pregnancy Influence Offspring Asthma.
The Maternal Diet, Gut Bacteria, and Bacterial Metabolites during Pregnancy Influence Offspring Asthma.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2017.00365
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Vuillermin P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gray LE;O'Hely M;Ranganathan S;Sly PD;Vuillermin P
本综述重点关注目前的证据，即母亲在怀孕期间的饮食和肠道细菌暴露会影响胎儿免疫系统的发育和随后的后代哮喘。第 1 部分讨论了农场环境的暴露、抗生素以及益生元和益生菌补充剂，这些共同表明了细菌经验在免疫编程和后代哮喘中的重要性。第 2 部分概述了解释这些关联的拟议机制，包括胎儿胎盘单位的细菌暴露；免疫球蛋白相关的肠道细菌成分经胎盘转运；细胞因子信号传导产生母胎免疫排列；以及通过肠道细菌产生的代谢物进行免疫编程。第 3 部分重点介绍饮食、肠道细菌和细菌代谢产物之间的相互作用。母亲的饮食会影响粪便细菌的组成，饮食微生物群可利用的碳水化合物（MAC）会选择产生短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的细菌。目前来自小鼠模型的证据表明，母亲膳食 MAC 增加、怀孕期间 SCFA 暴露与后代哮喘减少之间存在关联，这种关联至少部分是由胎儿肺中调节性 T 淋巴细胞的诱导介导的。第 4 部分讨论了未来研究调查母亲饮食微生物组对后代哮喘的决定因素的考虑因素，包括测量膳食 MAC 摄入量的挑战；现有肠道微生物组组成和代谢活动测量的局限性；短链脂肪酸暴露量的测量；以及儿童呼吸系统健康评估的复杂性。
This review focuses on the current evidence that maternal dietary and gut bacterial exposures during pregnancy influence the developing fetal immune system and subsequent offspring asthma. Part 1 addresses exposure to a farm environment, antibiotics, and prebiotic and probiotic supplementation that together indicate the importance of bacterial experience in immune programming and offspring asthma. Part 2 outlines proposed mechanisms to explain these associations including bacterial exposure of the fetoplacental unit; immunoglobulin-related transplacental transport of gut bacterial components; cytokine signaling producing fetomaternal immune alignment; and immune programming via metabolites produced by gut bacteria. Part 3 focuses on the interplay between diet, gut bacteria, and bacterial metabolites. Maternal diet influences fecal bacterial composition, with dietary microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) selecting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Current evidence from mouse models indicates an association between increased maternal dietary MACs, SCFA exposure during pregnancy, and reduced offspring asthma that is, at least in part, mediated by the induction of regulatory T lymphocytes in the fetal lung. Part 4 discusses considerations for future studies investigating maternal diet-by-microbiome determinants of offspring asthma including the challenge of measuring dietary MAC intake; limitations of the existing measures of the gut microbiome composition and metabolic activity; measures of SCFA exposure; and the complexities of childhood respiratory health assessment.