The fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1): historical perspective, phenotypes, mechanism, pathology, and epidemiology.

The fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1): historical perspective, phenotypes, mechanism, pathology, and epidemiology.
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DOI:
10.1080/13854046.2016.1184652
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发表时间:
2016-08
期刊:
The Clinical neuropsychologist
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Grigsby J
Grigsby J
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grigsby J

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为神经心理学家提供脆性X相关震颤/共济失调综合征(FXTAS)的表型、机制、病理学和流行病学的历史视角和概述。选择性地回顾有关FXTAS的文献。FXTAS是一种X连锁的迟发性神经退行性疾病。FXTAS是与脆性X智力低下1基因(FMR1)的不同突变相关的几种表型之一,涉及进行性动作震颤、步态共济失调和执行功能受损等特征。它影响FMR1前突变的携带者,当FMR1前突变从母亲传给她的孩子时,它可能会扩大,在这种情况下,它很可能导致脆性X综合征(FXS),这是最常见的遗传性发育障碍。本文就FXTAS和FXS的发病机制、流行病学和传播方式,以及FXTAS的神经心理学、神经病学、神经精神病学、神经病理学和神经放射学表型的研究现状作一综述。由于FXTAS是最近才发现的,大多数从业者并不熟知,尽管其患病率可能相对较高,但它仍在很大程度上被误诊。
To provide an historical perspective and overview of the phenotypes, mechanism, pathology, and epidemiology of the fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) for neuropsychologists. Selective review of the literature on FXTAS. FXTAS is an X-linked neurodegenerative disorder of late onset. One of several phenotypes associated with different mutations of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1), FXTAS involves progressive action tremor, gait ataxia, and impaired executive functioning, among other features. It affects carriers of the FMR1 premutation, which may expand when passed from a mother to her children, in which case it is likely to cause fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited developmental disability. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge of the mechanisms, epidemiology, and mode of transmission of FXTAS and FXS, as well as the neuropsychological, neurologic, neuropsychiatric, neuropathologic, and neuroradiologic phenotypes of FXTAS. Because it was only recently identified, FXTAS is not well known to most practitioners, and it remains largely misdiagnosed, despite the fact that its prevalence may be relatively high.
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