Bandwagons I, too, have known
Bandwagons I, too, have known
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DOI：
10.1007/s00122-016-2772-5
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Bernardo, Rex
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernardo, Rex
一波又一波的浪潮。植物育种家，就像冲浪者一样，需要仔细选择要加入的浪潮。W.西蒙兹描述了他在职业生涯中遇到的几个潮流，从诱导多倍体和突变育种开始，到当时的新领域生物技术结束。本文对1990年后植物改良的潮流进行了回顾和推测，包括转基因品种、数量性状位点（QTL）定位、关联作图、全基因组（或基因组）选择、表型组学、环境分型和基因组编辑。一个潮流的生命周期包括一个炒作和融资的兴奋阶段;一个实现阶段，当最初的炒作被缓和或最初的期望被发现太低时;一个现实阶段，当潮流的有用方面成为主流思想和实践的一部分时，或者当一个不成功的潮流在很大程度上被抛弃时。在实现阶段，通常会出现一个新的潮流，吸引我们的注意力，并给我们新的乐观情绪。最受欢迎的潮流，如QTL作图，是那些所需的实验资源是可访问的，所需的技术知识和技能可以很容易地学习，输出几乎总是可以报告。任何植物育种家最喜欢的潮流，以这样或那样的方式，导致孟德尔的开创性发现150年前。我们的植物育种者社区需要不断地努力欢迎新的潮流，但也要从那些证明无用的潮流中跳出来。
Bandwagons come in waves. A plant breeder, just like a surfer, needs to carefully choose which waves to be on.A bandwagon is an idea, activity, or cause that becomes increasingly fashionable as more and more people adopt it. In a 1991 article entitled Bandwagons I Have Known, Professor N. W. Simmonds described several bandwagons that he encountered in his career, beginning with induced polyploidy and mutation breeding and ending with the then-new field of biotechnology. This article reviews and speculates about post-1990 bandwagons in plant improvement, including transgenic cultivars, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, association mapping, genomewide (or genomic) selection, phenomics, envirotyping, and genome editing. The life cycle of a bandwagon includes an excitement phase of hype and funding; a realization phase when the initial hype is either tempered or the initial expectations are found to have been too low; and a reality phase when the useful aspects of a bandwagon become part of mainstream thinking and practice, or when an unsuccessful bandwagon is largely abandoned. During the realization phase, a new bandwagon that draws our attention and gives us renewed optimism typically arises. The most popular bandwagons, such as QTL mapping, are those for which the needed experimental resources are accessible, the required technical knowledge and skills can be easily learned, and the outputs can almost always be reported. The favorite bandwagon of any plant breeder has, in one way or another, resulted from Mendel's seminal discoveries 150 years ago. Our community of plant breeders needs to be continually diligent in welcoming new bandwagons, but also in hopping off from those that do not prove useful.