The Fountain of Youth: A Tale of Parabiosis, Stem Cells, and Rejuvenation.
The Fountain of Youth: A Tale of Parabiosis, Stem Cells, and Rejuvenation.
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DOI：
10.1515/med-2017-0053
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Angiolillo A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Conese M;Carbone A;Beccia E;Angiolillo A
输血（或饮用）血液或其成分自古以来就被认为是一种恢复活力的方法。联体共生，将两只动物连接在一起，使它们共享彼此的血液循环，使血液作为一种公认的药物的概念重新焕发活力。自2005年以来，许多论文报道了异时共生的抗衰老作用，即将一只老年小鼠与一个年轻的伴侣结合起来。衰老的标志是大多数组织中再生特性的下降，部分归因于干细胞和祖细胞的功能受损。在联体共生实验中，它优雅地表明，来自年轻的全身环境的因素能够激活旧的联体生物的肝脏，肌肉或神经干细胞中的分子信号传导途径，从而增加组织再生。最终，进一步的研究已经确定了一些可溶性因子部分负责这些返老还童的效果，包括趋化因子CCL 11，生长分化因子11，TGF-β超家族的成员，和催产素。关于给予全血或特定因子以帮助恢复活力的问题是开放的，以及这些因子的作用机制，值得进一步研究以转化为（老年）人类的生活。
Transfusion (or drinking) of blood or of its components has been thought as a rejuvenation method since ancient times. Parabiosis, the procedure of joining two animals so that they share each others blood circulation, has revitalized the concept of blood as a putative drug. Since 2005, a number of papers have reported the anti-ageing effect of heterochronic parabiosis, which is joining an aged mouse to a young partner. The hallmark of aging is the decline of regenerative properties in most tissues, partially attributed to impaired function of stem and progenitor cells. In the parabiosis experiments, it was elegantly shown that factors derived from the young systemic environment are able to activate molecular signaling pathways in hepatic, muscle or neural stem cells of the old parabiont leading to increased tissue regeneration. Eventually, further studies have brought to identify some soluble factors in part responsible for these rejuvenating effects, including the chemokine CCL11, the growth differentiation factor 11, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, and oxytocin. The question about giving whole blood or specific factors in helping rejuvenation is open, as well as the mechanisms of action of these factors, deserving further studies to be translated into the life of (old) human beings.