Roles of Long-Distance Signals in Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Uptake and Sensing in Plants
Roles of Long-Distance Signals in Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Uptake and Sensing in Plants
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长距离信号在植物氮、磷、硫吸收和感知中的作用
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-19-4941-8_12
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Umehara Mikihisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shindo Masato;Umehara Mikihisa
植物必须适应气候变化，因为它们扎根于某个地方。气候变化对土壤环境影响很大，有时会降低土壤的养分含量。植物健康生长发育需要17种基本元素。其中，氮、磷和硫是初级和次级有机代谢物（如蛋白质和核酸）的生物合成和维持光合活性所必需的大量元素。在缺氮、缺磷或缺硫的情况下，植物生长受到抑制，导致作物产量下降。因此，为了避免气候变化给粮食生产带来的风险，了解植物如何适应其环境以应对无机营养缺乏是很重要的。植物根系与土壤环境直接接触，但无机养分的识别机制较为复杂。植物可以准确感知土壤中的养分水平，并利用这一信息通过植物激素和microRNA等茎到根或根到根的可转运信号，改变其结构和养分转运体的表达，增强根际植物与微生物的相互作用。在本章中，我们总结了生长素、细胞分裂素和独角甾内酯作为长距离信号在氮、磷和硫的吸收和感知以及信号通路中的作用。
Plants must adapt to climate changes because they are rooted in place. Climate changes greatly affect the soil environment, sometimes reducing the nutrient content. Plants require 17 essential elements for healthy growth and development. Among these, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are macroelements required for the biosynthesis of primary and secondary organic metabolites, such as proteins and nucleic acids, and for the maintenance of photosynthetic activity. Under nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur deficiency, plant growth is suppressed, resulting in poorer crop yield. Thus, to avoid the risk of climate changes to food production, it is important to understand how plants adapt to their environment in response to inorganic nutrient deficiency. Plant roots directly contact the soil environment, but the mechanism by which the amount of inorganic nutrients is recognized is complicated. Plants can accurately perceive the nutrient levels in soil and use this information to change their architecture and expression of nutrient transporters and to enhance plant–microbe interaction in the rhizosphere through shoot-to-root or root-to-shoot transportable signals such as plant hormones and microRNA. In this chapter, we summarize the roles of auxins, cytokinins, and strigolactones as long-distance signals in the pathways involved in nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur uptake and sensing and in signaling pathways.