Educational Expansion and Inequality of Educational Opportunity::Taiwan and Japan
Educational Expansion and Inequality of Educational Opportunity::Taiwan and Japan
复制标题
教育扩张与教育机会不平等::台湾和日本
DOI：
10.11218/ojjams.26.179
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Kanomata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Tsai;N. Kanomata
本文考察了教育扩张是否以及如何影响教育机会不平等，重点研究了教育扩张通过教育饱和改变阶级不平等的两个假设。在教育水平接近饱和的情况下，MMI假设认为，达到教育水平的阶级不平等开始减少，而EMI假设认为，在教育水平出现的情况下，阶级不平等高于类型。台湾和日本在教育制度上有相似之处，但台湾的教育发展比日本更为迅猛。为了检验这些假设，我们利用它们各自扩张速度导致的饱和外观的不同时间点，提出了对两国阶级不平等变化的预期。使用在每个国家收集的调查数据进行分析的结果更符合MMI而不是EMI。受教育水平上的阶级不平等一直持续到接近饱和，但在日本，当受教育水平达到饱和时，受高中教育的程度有所下降。在接受大学教育而非专科教育方面的阶级不平等在台湾明显与接近饱和相对应，而在日本则出现在饱和之前。研究结果还表明，教育扩张通过各自的过程推动了阶级不平等和性别不平等的转变。在两国，无论扩张的速度和饱和程度如何，在没有阶级和性别相互作用的情况下，教育扩张导致在达到教育水平方面的性别不平等减少，但几乎没有侵蚀日本保留的由性别规范或偏好制度化的性别特定教育途径。
This paper examines whether and how educational expansion affects inequality of educational opportunity, focusing on the two hypotheses which argue that educational expansion transforms class inequality through saturation of education. Under the condition that a level of education approaches nearly saturation, the MMI hypothesis claims class inequality in attaining the level of education begins to decrease and the EMI hypothesis maintains class inequality over types within the level of education emerges. Taiwan and Japan showed similarity in educational system, but education in Taiwan has expanded more drastically than that in Japan. To test the hypotheses, utilizing their different time point in appearance of saturation caused by the respective pace of expansion, we present the expectations on changes in class inequality for the two countries. The result of analysis using survey data collected in each country is more consistent with the MMI rather than the EMI. Class inequality in attaining levels of education persisted until approaching saturation, but reduced in attaining senior high school education in Japan when this level of education reached saturation. Class inequality in attaining university education rather than junior college over types of higher education emerged clearly corresponding to approaching saturation in Taiwan but appeared in Japan before saturation. The result also indicates that educational expansion urges the transformation of class inequality and gender inequality through respective process. Educational expansion leads to reduction of gender inequality in attaining levels of education irrespective of rapidity and saturation of expansion and without interaction by class and gender in both countries, but hardly erodes gender-specific educational paths institutionalized by gender norm or preference preserved in Japan.