Glymes as Versatile Solvents for Chemical Reactions and Processes: from the Laboratory to Industry.
Glymes as Versatile Solvents for Chemical Reactions and Processes: from the Laboratory to Industry.
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作者：
Tang S;Zhao H
Glymes，也称为乙二醇二醚，是不含其他官能团的饱和非环聚醚。大多数glymes通常比常见的实验室有机溶剂挥发性和毒性更小；在这种情况下，它们是更环保的溶剂。然而，同样重要的是要指出，一些糖素可能会造成长期的生殖和发育损害，尽管它们的急性毒性很低。Glymes具有一般有机溶剂所不具备的亲水性和疏水性。此外，它们通常具有热稳定性和化学稳定性，甚至可以与离子形成配合物。因此，糖素在广泛的实验室应用中被发现，包括有机合成、电化学、生物催化、材料和化学气相沉积（CVD）等。此外，glyme还用于许多工业应用，如清洁产品、油墨、粘合剂和涂料、电池和电子产品、吸收式制冷和热泵以及药物配方等。然而，对这一有吸引力的主题缺乏全面和批判性的审查。本文综述了甘草酸的理化性质、毒性和主要应用。
Glymes, also known as glycol diethers, are saturated non-cyclic polyethers containing no other functional groups. Most glymes are usually less volatile and less toxic than common laboratory organic solvents; in this context, they are more environmentally benign solvents. However, it is also important to point out that some glymes could cause long-term reproductive and developmental damages despite their low acute toxicities. Glymes have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characters that common organic solvents are lack of. In addition, they are usually thermally and chemically stable, and can even form complexes with ions. Therefore, glymes are found in a broad range of laboratory applications including organic synthesis, electrochemistry, biocatalysis, materials, and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), etc. In addition, glyme are used in numerous industrial applications, such as cleaning products, inks, adhesives and coatings, batteries and electronics, absorption refrigeration and heat pumps, as well as pharmaceutical formulations, etc. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and critical review on this attractive subject. This review aims to accomplish this task by providing an in-depth understanding of glymes’ physicochemical properties, toxicity and major applications.