An opportunity for utilizing earth-abundant metals through the mesostructural design of metal phosphate-based materials
An opportunity for utilizing earth-abundant metals through the mesostructural design of metal phosphate-based materials
复制标题
通过金属磷酸盐材料的细观结构设计利用地球上丰富的金属的机会
DOI：
10.1039/d0ta09419f
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发表时间：
2020-11
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tatsuo Kimura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tatsuo Kimura
本文从介孔结构的设计、无机骨架的组成和晶体结构等方面综述了表面活性剂辅助合成金属磷酸盐基材料的研究进展。在钛和锆的情况下，金属磷酸盐框架是通过两种合成途径构建的。一种是一步一步的过程，包括合成的金属氧化物的磷化。磷化过程有助于稳定由薄无机骨架构成的介孔结构。当框架的厚度足以稳定使用聚合物表面活性剂（如EOnPOmEOn型三嵌段共聚物）制备的介孔结构时，直接合成是可能的。其他介孔金属（如Nb， Ta, Cr, Ga, Sn）磷酸盐是用CnTMA型表面活性剂直接得到的。此外，一些金属磷酸盐（如Mn， Fe, Co, Ni， Ca作为氧化还原/离子）的介结构变化也被观察到。根据金属氧化物单元的性质和金属磷酸盐框架的表面性质，合成的介孔材料作为新设计的催化剂和/或催化剂载体被广泛研究，用于选择性氧化、酸依赖、光诱导和电化学反应。为了增强电化学活性，需要具有合适P/M比的结晶框架来制造染料敏化太阳能电池、燃料电池和锂离子电池的电极。因此，本综述的内容为设计各种含丰富金属的金属磷酸盐的介观结构提供了机会。
This review focused on the surfactant-assisted synthesis of metal phosphate-based materials and summarized their potential based on the design of a mesoporous structure as well as the composition and crystal structure of the inorganic frameworks. In the cases of Ti and Zr, metal phosphate frameworks are constructed through two synthetic pathways. One is a step-by-step process including phosphation of the as-synthesized metal oxides. The phosphation process is helpful for stabilizing the mesoporous structures constructed by thin inorganic frameworks. Direct synthesis is possible when the thickness of frameworks is enough for stabilizing mesoporous structures prepared using polymeric surfactants like EOnPOmEOn type triblock copolymers. Other mesoporous metal (e.g., Nb, Ta, Cr, Ga, Sn) phosphates are directly obtained using CnTMA type surfactants. In addition, unique mesostructural alterations are observed for some metal (e.g., Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ca as redox/ionic) phosphates. According to the nature of the metal oxide like units and surface properties of metal phosphate frameworks, the resultant mesoporous materials are broadly investigated as newly designed catalysts and/or catalyst supports for selective oxidation, acidity-dependent, photo-induced, and electrochemical reactions. For enrichment of electrochemical activities, crystallized frameworks with a suitable P/M ratio are required for fabricating electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells, fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries. Consequently, the contents of this review provide an opportunity for designing mesostructures of a wide variety of metal phosphates containing earth-abundant metals.