Exploring reservoir dynamics: a case study of rabies in the Serengeti ecosystem
Exploring reservoir dynamics: a case study of rabies in the Serengeti ecosystem
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01468.x
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Cleaveland, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lembo, Tiziana;Hampson, Katie;Cleaveland, Sarah
1.对感染库动力学的了解对于有效的疾病控制至关重要，但识别多宿主病原体的库是具有挑战性的。在这里，我们综合了几条线的证据来调查坦桑尼亚西北部塞伦盖蒂生态区复杂的食肉动物群落中的狂犬病宿主，在那里已经在12种食肉动物中确认了这种疾病。长期监测数据表明，狂犬病在高密度的家犬种群(11只狗公里(-2))中持续存在，在低密度(5只狗公里(-2))种群中发生的频率较低，仅在野生食肉动物中零星发生。遗传数据显示，属于南部非洲犬类相关病毒(非洲1b)组的单一狂犬病病毒变种在一系列物种中传播，没有证据表明特定物种的病毒与宿主之间存在关联。从高分辨率流行病学数据推断的种内传播比种间传播更常见。发病模式表明，家犬种群的狂犬病蔓延有时会在其他食肉动物中引发短暂的传播链。合成与应用。证据的平衡表明，塞伦盖蒂生态系统中狂犬病的宿主是一个复杂的多宿主群落，其中家犬是唯一维持生存的种群，尽管其他食肉动物作为非维持种群对宿主做出了贡献。因此，针对家犬种群的控制方案应对减少包括人、牲畜和濒危野生动物种群在内的所有其他物种的感染风险产生最大影响，但其他物种的传播可能会增加消除狂犬病所需的家犬种群的疫苗接种覆盖率。
1. Knowledge of infection reservoir dynamics is critical for effective disease control, but identifying reservoirs of multi-host pathogens is challenging. Here, we synthesize several lines of evidence to investigate rabies reservoirs in complex carnivore communities of the Serengeti ecological region in northwest Tanzania, where the disease has been confirmed in 12 carnivore species.2. Long-term monitoring data suggest that rabies persists in high-density domestic dog Canis familiaris populations (> 11 dogs km(-2)) and occurs less frequently in lower-density (< 5 dogs km(-2)) populations and only sporadically in wild carnivores.3. Genetic data show that a single rabies virus variant belonging to the group of southern Africa canid-associated viruses (Africa 1b) circulates among a range of species, with no evidence of species-specific virus-host associations.4. Within-species transmission was more frequently inferred from high-resolution epidemiological data than between-species transmission. Incidence patterns indicate that spill-over of rabies from domestic dog populations sometimes initiates short-lived chains of transmission in other carnivores.5. Synthesis and applications. The balance of evidence suggests that the reservoir of rabies in the Serengeti ecosystem is a complex multi-host community where domestic dogs are the only population essential for persistence, although other carnivores contribute to the reservoir as non-maintenance populations. Control programmes that target domestic dog populations should therefore have the greatest impact on reducing the risk of infection in all other species including humans, livestock and endangered wildlife populations, but transmission in other species may increase the level of vaccination coverage in domestic dog populations necessary to eliminate rabies.