A computer model of human thermoregulation for a wide range of environmental conditions: the passive system
A computer model of human thermoregulation for a wide range of environmental conditions: the passive system
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DOI：
10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1957
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发表时间：
1999-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Stohrer, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fiala, D;Lomas, KJ;Stohrer, M
一项由两部分组成的研究提出了一个预测人体在寒冷、凉爽、中性、温暖和炎热环境中热反应的动态模型。这是第一篇论文，涉及被动系统的各个方面：1）对人体进行建模，2）对体内及其外围的热传输机制进行建模，以及 3）数值过程。正在准备的论文将描述主动系统，并将模型预测与实验数据以及其他模型的预测进行比较。在这里，重点是与环境的热交换的详细建模：表面对流的局部变化、定向辐射交换、皮肤的蒸发和水分收集以及服装整体的不均匀性。还对其他热效应进行了建模：活动水平对工作效率的影响以及有效辐射身体区域随姿势的变化。使用稳定且精确的混合数值格式来求解微分方程组。将被动系统模型的预测与圆柱体和球体的可用解析解进行比较，即使对于大时间步长，也显示出良好的一致性和稳定的数值行为。
A dynamic model predicting human thermal responses in cold, cool, neutral, warm, and hot environments is presented in a two-part study. This, the first paper, is concerned with aspects of the passive system: 1) modeling the human body, 2) modeling heat-transport mechanisms within the body and at its periphery, and 3) the numerical procedure. A paper in preparation will describe the active system and compare the model predictions with experimental data and the predictions by other models. Here, emphasis is given to a detailed modeling of the heat exchange with the environment: local variations of surface convection, directional radiation exchange, evaporation and moisture collection at the skin, and the nonuniformity of clothing ensembles. Other thermal effects are also modeled: the impact of activity level on work efficacy and the change of the effective radiant body area with posture. A stable and accurate hybrid numerical scheme was used to solve the set of differential equations. Predictions of the passive system model are compared with available analytic solutions for cylinders and spheres and show good agreement and stable numerical behavior even for large time steps.