Use of positron emission tomography in animal research.
Use of positron emission tomography in animal research.
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DOI：
10.1093/ilar.42.3.219
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
S. Cherry;S. Gambhir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Cherry;S. Gambhir
在应用于研究动物体内研究的几种成像技术中，正电子发射断层成像(PET)是一种核成像技术，它可以非侵入性地确定标记有正电子发射放射性核素的化合物的时空分布。它可以被视为经典放射自显影方法的体内模拟。已经合成了许多不同的正电子标记化合物作为示踪剂，以一系列特定的标记或途径为靶标。这些示踪剂允许测量从葡萄糖代谢到基因表达的生物兴趣的数量。宠物已被广泛用于狗和非人灵长类等大型研究动物的成像研究。现在，使用新开发的高分辨率专用动物PET扫描仪，这些类型的研究可以在小鼠和大鼠等小型实验动物身上进行。整个全身的生物分布动力学可以在单个动物的单一成像研究中确定。这项技术应该能够从少数动物那里获得具有统计意义的生物分布数据，而通过放射自显影可能需要数十或数百只动物进行类似的研究。PET还允许在单个对象中进行重复研究，促进纵向研究设计，并允许每只动物在旨在评估特定干预策略效果的实验中充当自己的对照。本文概述了PET成像的方法学，讨论了作为动物研究工具的PET的优点和缺点，描述了最新一代的专用动物PET扫描仪，并对迄今为止PET在动物研究中的许多应用进行了综述。
Among the several imaging technologies applied to in vivo studies of research animals, positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging technique that permits the spatial and temporal distribution of compounds labeled with a positron-emitting radionuclide to be determined noninvasively. It can be viewed as an in vivo analog of classic autoradiographic methods. Many different positron-labeled compounds have been synthesized as tracers that target a range of specific markers or pathways. These tracers permit the measurement of quantities of biological interest ranging from glucose metabolism to gene expression. PET has been extensively used in imaging studies of larger research animals such as dogs and nonhuman primates. Now, using newly developed high-resolution dedicated animal PET scanners, these types of studies can be performed in small laboratory animals such as mice and rats. The entire whole-body biodistribution kinetics can be determined in a single imaging study in a single animal. This technique should enable statistically significant biodistribution data to be obtained from a handful of animals, compared with the tens or hundreds of animals that might be required for a similar study by autoradiography. PET also enables repeat studies in a single subject, facilitating longitudinal study designs and permitting each animal to serve as its own control in experiments designed to evaluate the effects of a particular interventional strategy. This paper provides a basic overview of the methodology of PET imaging, a discussion of the advantages and drawbacks of PET as a tool in animal research, a description of the latest generation of dedicated animal PET scanners, and a review of a few of the many applications of PET in animal research to date.