Understanding Selfish Mining in Imperfect Bitcoin and Ethereum Networks With Extended Forks
Understanding Selfish Mining in Imperfect Bitcoin and Ethereum Networks With Extended Forks
复制标题
了解具有扩展分叉的不完美比特币和以太坊网络中的自私挖矿
DOI：
10.1109/tnsm.2021.3073414
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Vojislav B. Misic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hongyue Kang;Xiaolin Chang;Runkai Yang;Jelena V. Misic;Vojislav B. Misic
自私挖矿作为对区块链的严重威胁，一直受到学术界和产业界的关注。已经探索了随机建模来定量研究不完美区块链网络中的自私挖掘。然而，现有的基于建模的分析方法存在以下一些问题：（1）仅关注比特币或以太坊，或（2）忽略扩展分叉而仅考虑自然分叉，或（3）当系统遭受自私挖掘时，仅计算挖掘收入而不评估区块链系统的性能和安全性。在本文中，我们旨在解决这些问题。我们建立了一个马尔可夫链，对带有自然分叉和扩展分叉的不完美比特币和以太坊网络中的自私挖掘进行定量分析。分别推导了自私矿池（由自私矿工组成）和诚实矿工的挖矿收益计算公式。此外，我们推导出了系统的性能指标（即每秒交易数和旧块率）和安全指标（即双支出成功概率）的公式。这些定量结果可以帮助理解自私挖掘对不完美区块链网络的影响，进而帮助检测自私挖掘。
Selfish mining, as a serious threat to blockchain, has been attracting attentions from academic and industry. Stochastic modeling has been explored to quantitatively investigate selfish mining in imperfect blockchain networks. However, prior modeling-based analysis approaches have some of the following issues: (1) only focus on Bitcoin or Ethereum, or (2) ignore extended forks and just consider natural forks, or (3) only compute the mining revenue without assessing the performance and security of the blockchain system when the system suffers from selfish mining. In this paper, we aim to address these issues. We build a Markov chain to make quantitative analysis of selfish mining in imperfect Bitcoin and Ethereum networks with natural and extended forks. Formulas are derived to calculate the mining revenue for the selfish pool (comprising selfish miners) and honest miners, respectively. Moreover, we derive the formulas of performance metrics (namely, transactions per second and stale block ratio) and the formula of security metric (namely, the probability of double-spending success) of the system. These quantitative results can help understand the impact of selfish mining on imperfect blockchain networks and then help the detection of selfish mining.