Neuroprediction, Violence, and the Law: Setting the Stage.
Neuroprediction, Violence, and the Law: Setting the Stage.
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神经预测、暴力和法律：奠定基础。
DOI：
10.1007/s12152-010-9095-z
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Gazzaniga,Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nadelhoffer,Thomas;Bibas,Stephanos;Grafton,Scott;Kiehl,KentA;Mansfield,Andrew;Sinnott-Armstrong,Walter;Gazzaniga,Michael
在本文中，我们的目标是（a）调查暴力风险评估已经发挥突出作用的一些法律的背景，（B）探索神经科学的发展是否可能用于提高我们预测暴力的能力，以及（c）讨论暴力的神经预测模型是否会产生任何独特的法律的或道德问题，而这些问题已经与预测有关。一般来说。在“暴力风险评估和法律”中，我们简要地研究了目前在三个高风险的法律的背景下暴力预测所发挥的作用：死刑判决（“暴力风险评估和死刑判决”），民事承诺听证会（“暴力风险评估和民事承诺”）和“性掠夺者”法规（“暴力风险评估和性掠夺者法规”）。在“临床与精算暴力风险评估”中，我们简要地研究了预测暴力的传统临床方法与最近开发的精算方法之间的区别，例如由John Monahan及其同事创建的暴力风险分类（COVR）软件，作为麦克阿瑟精神障碍和暴力研究的一部分。在“精神病的神经相关性”中，我们探讨了神经科学目前告诉我们的关于暴力的神经相关性，使用最近的神经科学研究精神病作为我们的重点。我们还讨论了数据收集（“尖端数据收集：遗传信息神经成像”）和数据分析（“尖端数据分析：模式分类”）的一些最新进展，我们相信这将在未来的暴力神经科学研究中发挥重要作用。在“神经预测的潜在前景”中，我们讨论了神经科学是否可能被用来提高我们预测未来暴力的能力。最后，在“神经预测的潜在危险”中，我们探讨了一些潜在的证据（“证据问题”），宪法（“宪法问题”）和道德（“道德问题”）问题，这些问题可能会出现在暴力的神经预测的背景下。
In this paper, our goal is to (a) survey some of the legal contexts within which violence risk assessment already plays a prominent role, (b) explore whether developments in neuroscience could potentially be used to improve our ability to predict violence, and (c) discuss whether neuropredictive models of violence create any unique legal or moral problems above and beyond the well worn problems already associated with prediction more generally. In “Violence Risk Assessment and the Law”, we briefly examine the role currently played by predictions of violence in three high stakes legal contexts: capital sentencing (“Violence Risk Assessment and Capital Sentencing”), civil commitment hearings (“Violence Risk Assessment and Civil Commitment”), and “sexual predator” statutes (“Violence Risk Assessment and Sexual Predator Statutes”). In “Clinical vs. Actuarial Violence Risk Assessment”, we briefly examine the distinction between traditional clinical methods of predicting violence and more recently developed actuarial methods, exemplified by the Classification of Violence Risk (COVR) software created by John Monahan and colleagues as part of the MacArthur Study of Mental Disorder and Violence [1]. In “The Neural Correlates of Psychopathy”, we explore what neuroscience currently tells us about the neural correlates of violence, using the recent neuroscientific research on psychopathy as our focus. We also discuss some recent advances in both data collection (“Cutting-Edge Data Collection: Genetically Informed Neuroimaging”) and data analysis (“Cutting-Edge Data Analysis: Pattern Classification”) that we believe will play an important role when it comes to future neuroscientific research on violence. In “The Potential Promise of Neuroprediction”, we discuss whether neuroscience could potentially be used to improve our ability to predict future violence. Finally, in “The Potential Perils of Neuroprediction”, we explore some potential evidentiary (“Evidentiary Issues”), constitutional (“Constitutional Issues”), and moral (“Moral Issues”) issues that may arise in the context of the neuroprediction of violence.